Abteilung Verfahrenstechnik

Separierung und Aufbereitung von Urin

Der heutige Goldstandard für die Abwasserentsorgung ist die Kanalisation angebunden an eine zentrale Abwasserbehandlungsanlage. Dieses System stösst aber an seine Grenzen, da es viel Wasser und eine extensive Infrastruktur benötigt. Eine Alternative sind kleine, hocheffiziente, dezentrale Kläranlagen, die eine flexiblere Abwasserreinigung ermöglichen. Wir entwickeln Verfahren, die für solche Kläranlagen verwendet werden können. Dabei orientieren wir uns an drei Konzepten:

Separierung an der Quelle: Abwässer und Abfälle sollen gemäss ihrer Eigenschaften separat aufbereitet werden.

Dezentralisierung: Die Abwässer und Abfälle sollen so nah wie möglich an der Quelle aufbereitet werden. Dadurch lassen sich Ressourcenverbrauch und Umweltverschmutzung einschränken.

Rückgewinnung von Ressourcen: Bei der Aufbereitung soll der Fokus auf die Rückgewinnung der Ressourcen in den Abwässern und Abfällen gelegt werden.

Die drei wichtigsten Abwasserströme in den Haushalten sind Urin, Kot und Grauwasser. Bisher haben wir uns im Rahmen unserer Forschung hauptsächlich auf die Urinbehandlung konzentriert, weil Urin den Grossteil der ausgeschiedenen Nährstoffe enthält. Durch die Rückgewinnung der Nährstoffe wird die Umwelt geschont (z. B. Schutz vor Eutrophierung), und die Nährstoffkreisläufe können geschlossen werden.

Um optimale Verfahren zur Ressourcenrückgewinnung zu entwickeln, arbeiten wir eng mit anderen Forschungsgruppen innerhalb der Verfahrenstechnik-Abteilung zusammen. Wir sind auch in engem Kontakt mit anderen Eawag-Abteilungen sowie mit nationalen und internationalen Forschungseinheiten, um die verschiedenen Aspekte abdecken zu können, welche bei der Nutzung neuer Abwasseraufbereitungssysteme und sanitärer Einrichtungen beachtet werden müssen.

Kontakt

Ausgewählte Projekte

RTTC – Reinvent the Toilet Challenge
Ein von der Bill & Melinda Gates Stiftung finanziertes Projekt („Reinvent the Toilet Challenge“) in Partnerschaft mit dem Designstudio EOOS und der Makerere Universität in Uganda

Indem wir Nährstoffe aus Urin zurückgewinnen, entwickeln wir ein Sanitärsystem, welches wertvollen Dünger produziert
In Autarky entwickeln wir kleine Anlagen für die getrennte Behandlung von Urin, Abwasser und Fäkalien direkt in der Toilette.
NEST building
Nachhaltiges urbanes Wasser- und Abwassermanagement angewandt und umgesetzt im modularen NEST-Gebäude.
Ist ein Raumfahrtforschungs- programm, das die Entwicklung eines bioregenerativen Lebenserhaltungssystems für langfristige Raumfahrtmissionen und Weltraumwohnungen zum Beispiel auf dem Mars zum Ziel hat

Abgeschlossene Projekte

  • STUN – Phosphatrückgewinnung über Struvitausfällung in Nepal.
  • Partielle Nitritation/Anammox – Stickstoffentfernung aus Urin mit partieller Nitritation/Anammox.
  • Elektrochemische Ammoniumentfernung
  • Urinsammlung – Langfristige Überwachung eines Urinsammelsystems
  • Abwasser in Bergregionen – Dezentralisierte Aufbereitung und Wiederverwertung von Toilettenspülwasser in Bergregionen
  • Einzelpersonenhaushalt – Abwasseraufbereitung in Einzelpersonenhaushalten durch Wiederverwendung von Wasser
  • SELF – Grauwasseraufbereitung in der Raumzelle „SELF“ [pdf 0.7 MB]

Publikationen

Faust, V., Vlaeminck, S. E., Ganigué, R., & Udert, K. M. (2024). Influence of pH on urine nitrification: community shifts of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. ACS ES&T Engineering, 4(2), 342-353. doi:10.1021/acsestengg.3c00320, Institutional Repository
Faust, V. (2023). Effects of pH on urine nitrification: from microbial selection to process performance (Doctoral dissertation). doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000648527, Institutional Repository
Faust, V., Boon, N., Ganigué, R., Vlaeminck, S. E., & Udert, K. M. (2023). Optimizing control strategies for urine nitrification: narrow pH control band enhances process stability and reduces nitrous oxide emissions. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 1275152 (14 pp.). doi:10.3389/fenvs.2023.1275152, Institutional Repository
Frossard, E., Crain, G., Giménez de Azcárate Bordóns, I., Hirschvogel, C., Oberson, A., Paille, C., … Udert, K. M. (2023). Recycling nutrients from organic waste for growing higher plants in the Micro Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) loop during long-term space missions. Life Sciences in Space Research. doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2023.08.005, Institutional Repository
Heusser, A., Dax, A., McArdell, C. S., & Udert, K. M. (2023). High content of low molecular weight organics does not always affect pharmaceutical adsorption on activated carbon: the case of acetate, propionate and ethanol in source-separated urine. Water Research X, 21, 100199 (10 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100199, Institutional Repository
Maurer, M., Tilley, E., & Udert, K. (2023). Andere Wege für das Abwasser. Globe, 23(2), 26-28. , Institutional Repository
Faust, V., van Alen, T. A., Op den Camp, H. J. M., Vlaeminck, S. E., Ganigué, R., Boon, N., & Udert, K. M. (2022). Ammonia oxidation by novel "Candidatus Nitrosacidococcus urinae" is sensitive to process disturbances at low pH and to iron limitation at neutral pH. Water Research X, 17, 100157 (11 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100157, Institutional Repository
Faust, V., Gruber, W., Ganigué, R., Vlaeminck, S. E., & Udert, K. M. (2022). Nitrous oxide emissions and carbon footprint of decentralized urine fertilizer production by nitrification and distillation. ACS ES&T Engineering, 2(9), 1745-1755. doi:10.1021/acsestengg.2c00082, Institutional Repository
Randall, D. G., Brison, A., & Udert, K. M. (2022). High temperatures and CO2 dissolution can cause nitrogen losses from urine stabilized with base. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 998743 (13 pp.). doi:10.3389/fenvs.2022.998743, Institutional Repository
Stamm, C., Binder, C. R., Frossard, E., Haygarth, P. M., Oberson, A., Richardson, A. E., … Udert, K. M. (2022). Towards circular phosphorus: the need of inter- and transdisciplinary research to close the broken cycle. Ambio, 51, 611-622. doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01562-6, Institutional Repository
Krause, A., Häfner, F., Augustin, F., & Udert, K. M. (2021). Qualitative risk analysis for contents of dry toilets used to produce novel recycling fertilizers. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 1, 1107-1146. doi:10.1007/s43615-021-00068-3, Institutional Repository
Larsen, T. A., Riechmann, M. E., & Udert, K. M. (2021). State of the art of urine treatment technologies: a critical review. Water Research X, 13, 100114 (20 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100114, Institutional Repository
Riechmann, M. E., Ndwandwe, B., Greenwood, E. E., Reynaert, E., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2021). On-site urine treatment combining Ca(OH)2 dissolution and dehydration with ambient air. Water Research X, 13, 100124 (12 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124, Institutional Repository
Sutherland, C., Reynaert, E., Sindall, R. C., Riechmann, M. E., Magwaza, F., Lienert, J., … Udert, K. M. (2021). Innovation for improved hand hygiene: field testing the Autarky handwashing station in collaboration with informal settlement residents in Durban, South Africa. Science of the Total Environment, 796, 149024 (13 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149024, Institutional Repository
Sutherland, C., Reynaert, E., Dhlamini, S., Magwaza, F., Lienert, J., Riechmann, M. E., … Sindall, R. C. (2021). Socio-technical analysis of a sanitation innovation in a peri-urban household in Durban, South Africa. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 143284 (12 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143284, Institutional Repository
Özel Duygan, B. D., Udert, K. M., Remmele, A., & McArdell, C. S. (2021). Removal of pharmaceuticals from human urine during storage, aerobic biological treatment, and activated carbon adsorption to produce a safe fertilizer. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 166, 105341 (10 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105341, Institutional Repository
Bisinella de Faria, A. B., Besson, M., Ahmadi, A., Udert, K. M., & Spérandio, M. (2020). Dynamic influent generator for alternative wastewater management with urine source separation. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment, 6(2), 04020001 (26 pp.). doi:10.1061/JSWBAY.0000904, Institutional Repository
Britschgi, L., Villez, K., Schrems, P., & Udert, K. M. (2020). Electrochemical nitrite sensing for urine nitrification. Water Research X, 9, 100055 (30 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100055, Institutional Repository
Doll, C., Larsen, T. A., Strande, L., Udert, K. M., & Morgenroth, E. (2020). Water Hub im NEST-Gebäude. Eine Plattform zum Testen von innovativen ressourcenorientierten Sanitärsystemen. Aqua & Gas, 100(2), 52-57. , Institutional Repository
Hoffmann, S., Feldmann, U., Bach, P. M., Binz, C., Farrelly, M., Frantzeskaki, N., … Udert, K. M. (2020). A research agenda for the future of urban water management: exploring the potential of non-grid, small-grid, and hybrid solutions. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(9), 5312-5322. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05222, Institutional Repository
Köpping, I., McArdell, C. S., Borowska, E., Böhler, M. A., & Udert, K. M. (2020). Removal of pharmaceuticals from nitrified urine by adsorption on granular activated carbon. Water Research X, 9, 100057 (10 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100057, Institutional Repository
Reynaert, E., Greenwood, E. E., Ndwandwe, B., Riechmann, M. E., Sindall, R. C., Udert, K. M., & Morgenroth, E. (2020). Practical implementation of true on-site water recycling systems for hand washing and toilet flushing. Water Research X, 7, 100051 (13 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100051, Institutional Repository
Christiaens, M. E. R., Udert, K. M., Arends, J. B. A., Huysman, S., Vanhaecke, L., McAdam, E., & Rabaey, K. (2019). Membrane stripping enables effective electrochemical ammonia recovery from urine while retaining microorganisms and micropollutants. Water Research, 150, 349-357. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.072, Institutional Repository
Thürlimann, C. M. (2019). Soft-sensing, automation, and diagnosis for nitrification (Doctoral dissertation). doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000347049, Institutional Repository
Thürlimann, C. M., Udert, K. M., Morgenroth, E., & Villez, K. (2019). Stabilizing control of a urine nitrification process in the presence of sensor drift. Water Research, 165, 114958 (10 pp.). doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.114958, Institutional Repository
Lindeboom, R. E. F., Ilgrande, C., Carvajal-Arroyo, J. M., Coninx, I., Van Hoey, O., Roume, H., … Vlaeminck, S. E. (2018). Nitrogen cycle microorganisms can be reactivated after Space exposure. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 13783 (7 pp.). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32055-4, Institutional Repository
Meyer, G., Frossard, E., Mäder, P., Nanzer, S., Randall, D. G., Udert, K. M., & Oberson, A. (2018). Water soluble phosphate fertilizers for crops grown in calcareous soils – an outdated paradigm for recycled phosphorus fertilizers?. Plant and Soil, 424(1-2), 367-388. doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3545-x, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M. (2018). Phosphorus as a resource. In C. Schaum (Ed.), Integrated environmental technology series. Phosphorus: polluter and resource of the future – removal and recovery from wastewater (pp. 57-80). doi:10.2166/9781780408361_057, Institutional Repository
Baeriswyl, P., Carisch, M., Etter, B., Holliger, U., Hug, T., Konz, N., … Udert, K. (2017). Leitfaden: Abwasser im ländlichen Raum. Glattbrugg: Verband Schweizer Abwasser und Gewässerschutzfachleute (VSA). , Institutional Repository
Fumasoli, A., Bürgmann, H., Weissbrodt, D. G., Wells, G. F., Beck, K., Mohn, J., … Udert, K. M. (2017). Growth of Nitrosococcus-related ammonia oxidizing bacteria coincides with extremely low pH values in wastewater with high ammonia content. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(12), 6857-6866. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00392, Institutional Repository
Mkhize, N., Taylor, M., Udert, K. M., Gounden, T. G., & Buckley, C. A. (2017). Urine diversion dry toilets in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa: acceptance, use and maintenance through users' eyes. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 7(1), 111-120. doi:10.2166/washdev.2017.079, Institutional Repository
Tarpeh, W. A., Udert, K. M., & Nelson, K. L. (2017). Comparing ion exchange adsorbents for nitrogen recovery from source-separated urine. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(4), 2373-2381. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05816, Institutional Repository
Zöllig, H., Remmele, A., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2017). Removal rates and energy demand of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia and organic substances in real stored urine. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 3(3), 480-491. doi:10.1039/c7ew00014f, Institutional Repository
Bischel, H. N., Schindelholz, S., Schoger, M., Decrey, L., Buckley, C. A., Udert, K. M., & Kohn, T. (2016). Bacteria inactivation during the drying of struvite fertilizers produced from stored urine. Environmental Science and Technology, 50(23), 13013-13023. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03555, Institutional Repository
Fumasoli, A., Etter, B., Sterkele, B., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2016). Operating a pilot-scale nitrification/distillation plant for complete nutrient recovery from urine. Water Science and Technology, 73(1), 215-222. doi:10.2166/wst.2015.485, Institutional Repository
Krähenbühl, M., Etter, B., & Udert, K. M. (2016). Pretreated magnesite as a source of low-cost magnesium for producing struvite from urine in Nepal. Science of the Total Environment, 542, 1155-1161. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.060, Institutional Repository
Mašić, A., Udert, K. M., & Villez, K. (2016). Global parameter optimization for biokinetic modeling of simple batch experiments. Environmental Modelling and Software, 85, 356-373. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.015, Institutional Repository
Randall, D. G., Krähenbühl, M., Köpping, I., Larsen, T. A., & Udert, K. M. (2016). A novel approach for stabilizing fresh urine by calcium hydroxide addition. Water Research, 95, 361-369. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.007, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Etter, B., & Gounden, T. (2016). Promoting sanitation in South Africa through nutrient recovery from urine. GAIA: Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 25(3), 194-196. doi:10.14512/gaia.25.3.12, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., & Etter, B. (2016). Vom Urin zum Dünger. Projekt VUNA - Sanitäre Grundversorgung und Separatbehandlung von Urin in Durban/Südafrika. Aqua & Gas, 96(3), 62-69. , Institutional Repository
Bischel, H. N., Schertenleib, A., Fumasoli, A., Udert, K. M., & Kohn, T. (2015). Inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of viral and bacterial pathogen surrogates during urine nitrification. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 1(1), 65-76. doi:10.1039/c4ew00065j, Institutional Repository
Bischel, H. N., Özel Duygan, B. D., Strande, L., McArdell, C. S., Udert, K. M., & Kohn, T. (2015). Pathogens and pharmaceuticals in source-separated urine in eThekwini, South Africa. Water Research, 85, 57-65. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.022, Institutional Repository
Bonvin, C., Etter, B., Udert, K. M., Frossard, E., Nanzer, S., Tamburini, F., & Oberson, A. (2015). Plant uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen recycled from synthetic source-separated urine. Ambio, 44(Suppl. 2), S217-S227. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0616-6, Institutional Repository
Decrey, L., Kazama, S., Udert, K. M., & Kohn, T. (2015). Ammonia as an in situ sanitizer: inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of the ssRNA virus MS2 by NH3. Environmental Science and Technology, 49(2), 1060-1067. doi:10.1021/es5044529, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Aus Urin wird Flüssigdünger. Eawag News [dtsch. Ausg.] (1), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.eawag.ch/de/news-agenda/news-plattform/news/news/aus-urin-wird-fluessigduenger/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=a15131c1f98586a1529ff21f31b9ea0e, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Converting urine into liquid fertilizer. Eawag News [engl. ed.] (1), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.eawag.ch/en/news-agenda/news-portal/news-detail/news/aus-urin-wird-fluessigduenger/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=a15131c1f98586a1529ff21f31b9ea0e, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Quand l’urine se change en engrais. Eawag News [éd. fr.] (1), 1-8. Retrieved from http://www.eawag.ch/fr/news-agenda/actualites/detail/news/aus-urin-wird-fluessigduenger/?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=a15131c1f98586a1529ff21f31b9ea0e, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., Udert, K. M., & Gounden, T. (2015). Valorisation of urine nutrients. Promoting sanitation & nutrient recovery through urine separation. Laufenburg: Binkert Buag AG. , Institutional Repository
Fumasoli, A., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Modeling the low pH limit of Nitrosomonas eutropha in high-strength nitrogen wastewaters. Water Research, 83, 161-170. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.013, Institutional Repository
Mašić, A., Santos, A. T. L., Etter, B., Udert, K. M., & Villez, K. (2015). Estimation of nitrite in source-separated nitrified urine with UV spectrophotometry. Water Research, 85, 244-254. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.031, Institutional Repository
Schielke-Jenni, S. (2015). Decentralised urine treatment with the nitritationammox process (Doctoral dissertation). doi:10.3929/ethz-a-010479901, Institutional Repository
Schielke-Jenni, S., Villez, K., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Observability of anammox activity in single-stage nitritation/anammox reactors using mass balances. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 1(4), 523-534. doi:10.1039/c5ew00045a, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Buckley, C. A., Wächter, M., McArdell, C. S., Kohn, T., Strande, L., … Etter, B. (2015). Technologies for the treatment of source-separated urine in the eThekwini Municipality. Water SA, 41(2), 212-221. doi:10.4314/wsa.v41i2.06, Institutional Repository
Zöllig, H., Fritzsche, C., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Direct electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on graphite as a treatment option for stored source-separated urine. Water Research, 69, 284-294. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.031, Institutional Repository
Zöllig, H. (2015). Electrolysis for the treatment of stored source-separated urine (Doctoral dissertation). doi:10.3929/ethz-a-010549050, Institutional Repository
Zöllig, H., Remmele, A., Fritzsche, C., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Formation of chlorination byproducts and their emission pathways in chlorine mediated electro-oxidation of urine on active and nonactive type anodes. Environmental Science and Technology, 49(18), 11062-11069. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01675, Institutional Repository
Zöllig, H., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2015). Inhibition of direct electrolytic ammonia oxidation due to a change in local pH. Electrochimica Acta, 165, 348-355. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.162, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., Gounden, T., & Udert, K. M. (2014). VUNA: harvesting nutrients from urine for agriculture. Sandec News, 15, 10-11. , Institutional Repository
Jenni, S., Vlaeminck, S. E., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2014). Successful application of nitritation/anammox towastewater with elevated organic carbon to ammonia ratios. Water Research, 49, 316-326. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.073, Institutional Repository
Larsen, T. A., Udert, K. M., & Lienert, J. (2014). Abwassertrennung und Dezentralisierung. Aqua & Gas, 94(1), 52-54. , Institutional Repository
McConville, J. R., Künzle, R., Messmer, U., Udert, K. M., & Larsen, T. A. (2014). Decision support for redesigning wastewater treatment technologies. Environmental Science and Technology, 48(20), 12238-12246. doi:10.1021/es501854x, Institutional Repository
Tilley, E., Strande, L., Lüthi, C., Mosler, H. J., Udert, K. M., Gebauer, H., & Hering, J. G. (2014). Looking beyond technology: an integrated approach to water, sanitation and hygiene in low income countries. Environmental Science and Technology, 48(17), 9965-9970. doi:10.1021/es501645d, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M. (2014). Electrochemical treatment of urine. In G. Kreysa, Kichiro Ota, & R. F. Savinell (Eds.), Encyclopedia of applied electrochemistry (pp. 654-658). doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_109, Institutional Repository
Uhlmann, C. (2014). Dynamics of complete and partial nitrification of source-separated urine (Master thesis). 32 p. , Institutional Repository
Faust, V. (2013). Aufenthaltszeit von Urin in einem Urinsammelsystem (Bachelor thesis). 16 p. , Institutional Repository
Florin, A. (2013). Full nitrification of urine by adding a base (Master thesis). 38 p. , Institutional Repository
Hug, A., & Udert, K. M. (2013). Struvite precipitation from urine with electrochemical magnesium dosage. Water Research, 47(1), 289-299. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.036, Institutional Repository
Kabdaşlı, I., Tünay, O., & Udert, K. M. (2013). Transfer into the solid phase. In T. A. Larsen, K. M. Udert, & J. Lienert (Eds.), Source separation and decentralization for wastewater management (pp. 351-365). London: IWA Publishing. , Institutional Repository
Larsen, T. A., Udert, K. M., & Lienert, J. (2013). Editorial. In T. A. Larsen, K. M. Udert, & J. Lienert (Eds.), Source separation and decentralization for wastewater management (pp. 1-10). London: IWA Publishing. , Institutional Repository
Remmele, A. (2013). The influence of anode material and current density on the emissions of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during electrolytic treatment of stored urine (Master thesis). 33 p. , Institutional Repository
Siegrist, H., Laureni, M., & Udert, K. M. (2013). Transfer into the gas phase: ammonia stripping. In T. A. Larsen, K. M. Udert, & J. Lienert (Eds.), Source separation and decentralization for wastewater management (pp. 337-350). London: IWA Publishing. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., & Jenni, S. (2013). Biological nitrogen conversion processes. In T. A. Larsen, K. M. Udert, & J. Lienert (Eds.), Source separation and decentralization for wastewater management (pp. 291-305). London: IWA Publishing. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Brown-Malker, S., & Keller, J. (2013). Electrochemical systems. In T. A. Larsen, K. M. Udert, & J. Lienert (Eds.), Source separation and decentralization for wastewater management (pp. 321-335). London: IWA Publishing. , Institutional Repository
Larsen, T. A., Udert, K. M., & Lienert, J. (Eds.). (2013). Source separation and decentralization for wastewater management. doi:10.2166/9781780401072, Institutional Repository
Amstutz, V., Katsaounis, A., Kapalka, A., Comninellis, C., & Udert, K. M. (2012). Effects of carbonate on the electrolytic removal of ammonia and urea from urine with thermally prepared IrO2 electrodes. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 42(9), 787-795. doi:10.1007/s10800-012-0444-y, Institutional Repository
Fritzsche, C. (2012). The formation of chlorinated organics during electrolytic urine treatment (Master thesis). 74 p. , Institutional Repository
Jenni, S., Mohn, J., Emmenegger, L., & Udert, K. M. (2012). Temperature dependence and interferences of NO and N2O microelectrodes used in wastewater treatment. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(4), 2257-2266. doi:10.1021/es2032357, Institutional Repository
Sakthivel, S. R., Tilley, E., & Udert, K. M. (2012). Wood ash as a magnesium source for phosphorus recovery from source-separated urine. Science of the Total Environment, 419, 68-75. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.065, Institutional Repository
Schreiber, F., Wunderlin, P., Udert, K. M., & Wells, G. F. (2012). Nitric oxide and nitrous oxide turnover in natural and engineered microbial communities: biological pathways, chemical reactions, and novel technologies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3(372), 372 (24 pp.). doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00372, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., & Wächter, M. (2012). Complete nutrient recovery from source-separated urine by nitrification and distillation. Water Research, 46(2), 453-464. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.020, Institutional Repository
Bürgmann, H., Jenni, S., Vazquez, F., & Udert, K. M. (2011). Regime shift and microbial dynamics in a sequencing batch reactor for nitrification and anammox treatment of urine. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(17), 5897-5907. doi:10.1128/AEM.02986-10, Institutional Repository
Decrey, L., Udert, K. M., Tilley, E., Pecson, B. M., & Kohn, T. (2011). Fate of the pathogen indicators phage ΦX174 and Ascaris suum eggs during the production of struvite fertilizer from source-separated urine. Water Research, 45(16), 4960-4972. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.042, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., Tilley, E., Khadka, R., & Udert, K. M. (2011). Low-cost struvite production using source-separated urine in Nepal. Water Research, 45(11), 852-862. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.007, Institutional Repository
Etter, B., Tilley, E., & Udert, K. M. (2011). Urine as a resource in Nepal. Sandec News, 12, 16. , Institutional Repository
Huber, S. J. (2011). Temperature dependent removal of sodium chloride (NaCl) from synthetic nitrified urine (Master thesis). 46 p. , Institutional Repository
Kapałka, A., Fierro, S., Frontistis, Z., Katsaounis, A., Neodo, S., Frey, O., … Comninellis, C. (2011). Electrochemical oxidation of ammonia (NH4+/NH3) on thermally and electrochemically prepared IrO2 electrodes. Electrochimica Acta, 56(3), 1361-1365. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.071, Institutional Repository
Bourgeois, A. (2010). Electro-coagulation of phosphate frome urine (Master thesis). 43 p. , Institutional Repository
Hug, A. (2010). Phosphate recovery from urine by electrocoagulation (Master thesis). 38 p. , Institutional Repository
Kapałka, A., Katsaounis, A., Michels, N. L., Leonidova, A., Souentie, S., Comninellis, C., & Udert, K. M. (2010). Ammonia oxidation to nitrogen mediated by electrogenerated active chlorine on Ti/PtOx-IrO2. Electrochemistry Communications, 12(9), 1203-1205. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2010.06.019, Institutional Repository
Kapałka, A., Joss, L., Anglada, Á., Comninellis, C., & Udert, K. M. (2010). Direct and mediated electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on boron-doped diamond electrode. Electrochemistry Communications, 12(12), 1714-1717. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2010.10.004, Institutional Repository
Kapałka, A., Cally, A., Neodo, S., Comninellis, C., Wächter, M., & Udert, K. M. (2010). Electrochemical behavior of ammonia at Ni/Ni(OH)2 electrode. Electrochemistry Communications, 12(1), 18-21. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.10.026, Institutional Repository
Marti, B. (2010). Bioelectrochemical removal of sulfur from source-separated urine (Master thesis). 32 p. , Institutional Repository
Morgenroth, E., Buergmann, H., & Udert, K. (2010). Functional diversity in wastewater treatment. Eawag News [engl. ed.], 69, 15-17. , Institutional Repository
Morgenroth, E., Bürgmann, H., & Udert, K. (2010). Funktionelle Vielfalt in der Abwasserreinigung. Eawag News [dtsch. Ausg.], 69, 15-17. , Institutional Repository
Obrecht, J. (2010). Online Überwachung biologischer Abwasserreinigungsprozesse (Master thesis). 75 p. , Institutional Repository
Assumpta Ngozi, A. M. (2009). Nitrification of human urine using a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) (Master thesis). 49 p. , Institutional Repository
Etter, B. (2009). Process optimization of low-cost struvite recovery (Master thesis). 53 p. , Institutional Repository
Goosse, P., Steiner, M., Udert, K. M., & Neuenschwander, W. (2009). NoMix Toilettensystem. Erste Monitoringergebnisse im Forum Chriesbach. GWA Gas, Wasser, Abwasser, 89(7), 567-574. , Institutional Repository
Kapałka, A., Fierro, S., Frontistis, Z., Katsaounis, A., Frey, O., Koudelka, M., … Udert, K. M. (2009). Electrochemical behaviour of ammonia (NH4+/NH3) on electrochemically grown anodic iridium oxide film (AIROF) electrode. Electrochemistry Communications, 11(8), 1590-1592. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.06.003, Institutional Repository
Kashekya, E. J. (2009). Struvite production from source separated urine in Nepal: the reuse potential of the effluent (Master thesis). 67 p. , Institutional Repository
Kaufmann, M. (2009). Process parameters of a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) (Master thesis). 37 p. , Institutional Repository
Tilley, E., Gantenbein, B., Khadka, R., Zurbrügg, C., & Udert, K. M. (2009). Social and economic feasibility of struvite recovery from urine at the community level in Nepal. In K. Ashley, D. Mavinic, & F. Koch (Eds.), International conference on nutrient recovery from wastewater streams (pp. 169-178). Retrieved from https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/1123, Institutional Repository
Tilley, E., Etter, B., Gantenbein, B., Khadka, R., & Udert, K. M. (2009). Struvite from urine in Nepal (STUN). Sandec News, 10, 4-5. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., & Siegrist, H. (2009). Anorganische Ausfällungen. In Trinkwasser- und Faulwasserleitungen. GWA Gas, Wasser, Abwasser, 89(11), 881-886. , Institutional Repository
Winkler, R. (2009). Urine treatment with microbial fuel cells. Inhibition effects of ammonia compounds (Master thesis). 32 p. , Institutional Repository
Clauwaert, P., Tolêdo, R., van der Ha, D., Crab, R., Verstraete, W., Hu, H., … Rabaey, K. (2008). Combining biocatalyzed electrolysis with anaerobic digestion. Water Science and Technology, 57(4), 575-579. doi:10.2166/wst.2008.084, Institutional Repository
Neuenschwander, W. (2008). Stickstoffbilanz der NoMix Anlage zur Abwasserstoffstromtrennung (Master thesis). 58 p. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Kind, E., Teunissen, M., Jenni, S., & Larsen, T. A. (2008). Effect of heterotrophic growth on nitritation/anammox in a single sequencing batch reactor. Water Science and Technology, 58(2), 277-284. doi:10.2166/wst.2008.389, Institutional Repository
Walker, M. (2008). Phosphorus removal and recovery in source separated urine through adsorption and electrochemical magnesium dissolution (Master thesis). 28 p. , Institutional Repository
Zöllig, H. (2008). Urine treatment in microbial fuel cells (Master thesis). 52 p. , Institutional Repository
Kind, E. (2007). Simultane Ammoniumoxidation von aeroben und anoxischen Ammoniumoxidierern. Experimente und Modellierung mit Faulwasser und Urin (Master thesis). 67 p. , Institutional Repository
Larsen, T. A., Maurer, M., Udert, K. M., & Lienert, J. (2007). Nutrient cycles and resource management: implications for the choice of wastewater treatment technology. Water Science and Technology, 56(5), 229-237. doi:10.2166/wst.2007.576, Institutional Repository
Teunissen, M. (2007). Nitrogen removal from urine. Optimization of simultaneous ammonium oxidation by AOB, Anammox and heterotrophic bacteria (Master thesis). 33 p. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. (2007). NoMix begins in the bathroom. Eawag News [engl. ed.], 63, 11-13. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Larsen, T. A., & Gujer, W. (2006). Fate of major compounds in source-separated urine. Water Science and Technology, 54(11-12), 413-420. doi:10.2166/wst.2006.921, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Lienert, J., & Larsen, T. A. (2006). Novaquatis – Neue Wege in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft. In J. Pinnekamp (Ed.), Gewässerschutz - Wasser & Abwasser - GWA: Vol. 204. 1. Aachener Kongress dezentrale Infrastruktur Wasser - Energie - Abfall (p. (13 pp.). Aachen: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft an der RWTH Aachen e.V. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Larsen, T. A., & Gujer, W. (2005). Chemical nitrite oxidation in acid solutions as a consequence of microbial ammonium oxidation. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(11), 4066-4075. doi:10.1021/es048422m, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Larsen, T. A., Gujer, W., & Högger, R. (2004). Fällungsprodukte in Urinalen und NoMix-Toiletten. GWA Gas, Wasser, Abwasser, 84(12), 913-920. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Högger, R., Larsen, T. A., & Gujer, W. (2004). Urinausfällungen in Urinalen und NoMix-Toiletten. Installateur, 11, 46-48. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Larsen, T. A., & Gujer, W. (2003). Biologically induced precipitation in urine-collecting systems. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 3(3), 71-78. doi:10.2166/ws.2003.0010, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Larsen, T. A., & Gujer, W. (2003). Estimating the precipitation potential in urine-collecting systems. Water Research, 37(11), 2667-2677. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00071-X, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Fux, C., Münster, M., Larsen, T. A., Siegrist, H., & Gujer, W. (2003). Nitrification and autotrophic denitrification of source-separated urine. Water Science and Technology, 48(1), 119-130. doi:10.2166/wst.2003.0031, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M., Larsen, T. A., Biebow, M., & Gujer, W. (2003). Urea hydrolysis and precipitation dynamics in a urine-collecting system. Water Research, 37(11), 2571-2582. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00065-4, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. M. (2002). The fate of nitrogen and phosphorus in source-separated urine (Doctoral dissertation). doi:10.3929/ethz-a-004541820, Institutional Repository
Udert, K. (2000). Charakterisierung von Urinausfällungen in wassergespülten und wasserlosen Urinalen sowie in No-Mix-Toiletten. Jona; Dübendorf: GEBERIT Technik AG; Eawag. , Institutional Repository
Udert, K. (2000). Urinsteinbildung in Urinalen des Flughafens Kloten. Analyseergebnisse. Jona; Dübendorf: GEBERIT Technik AG, Eawag. , Institutional Repository
Larsen, T. A., & Udert, K. M. (1999). Urinseparierung - ein Konzept zur Schliessung der Nährstoffkreisläufe. Wasser und Boden, 51(11), 6-9. , Institutional Repository
Moser-Engeler, R., Udert, K. M., Wild, D., & Siegrist, H. (1998). Products from primary sludge fermentation and their suitability for nutrient removal. Water Science and Technology, 38(1), 265-273. doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00411-9, Institutional Repository