Techniques used in Institutional Analysis
The purpose of institutional analysis:
- to investigate the ‘rules’ that people (stakeholders) developed to govern group behaviour and interaction.
- to understand the ‘rules of the game’ that mediate the implementation of actions and measures.
Definition of Terms
Institution is the ‘rules of the game‘, which
prohibit, permit or require certain actions:
- Laws
- Rules
- Regulations
- Norms
Institutions
are structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing
the collected behaviour of a set of individuals within a given human
collectivity.
Stakeholder: Those affected by the outcome positively or negatively, or those who can affect the outcome of a proposed intervention.
- Key stakeholders: have significant influence upon or importance within an action,
- Primary stakeholders: those ultimately affected, either positively or negatively by an action,
- Secondary stakeholders: persons or organizations who can indirectly influence an action or who are indirectly affected by an action.
Techniques of Institutional Analysis:
1)
- Household survey
- Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) - how much are people willing to pay for mitigation measures (e.g. filter material) and how far are they willing to walk to a safe water source?
2)
- Stakeholder survey and analysis - to find out stakeholder interests and conflicts regarding different mitigation options
3)
- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
MCDA is carried out to assess public perception on certain issues and acceptance to certain policies and measures. It enables us to attain aggregated measures of the attractiveness or utility of each outcome from stakeholders within a set of mitigation alternatives (e.g. different arsenic removal filters).
MCDA can be used to:
- identify a single most preferred option
- rank options
- short-list a number of options for subsequent detailed approval
- distingiush acceptable form unacceptable possibilities