Focus: Groundwater

Utilising and protecting the resource drinking water

80% of Switzerland's drinking water comes from groundwater. Its protection is becoming increasingly difficult, especially in the densely utilised Central Plateau. New or newly focussed pollutants such as PFAS are raising questions. Higher water temperatures and longer periods of drought as a result of climate change are exacerbating the situation.
Can suppliers continue to supply consumers with virtually untreated groundwater under these circumstances? Why have problems that have long been recognised, such as nitrate pollution, still not really been solved? Eawag researchers addressed such questions at the Eawag Info Day on 4 September 2025. They presented results and tools that support practitioners and administrators in safeguarding the quality and quantity of drinking water resources. We summarize the most important content in this Eawag Special.






“We must preserve our drinking water resources”

Michael Berg from Eawag's Water Resources & Drinking Water Department explains why groundwater is under pressure and how this important resource can be protected. Read more

Photo: Alessandro Della Bella, Eawag




Photo: Adobe Stock / Peter Penicka, Eawag

Improving the implementation of legal requirements
Parliament has passed amendments to the law and other measures to ensure that groundwater can continue to be used as drinking water in the future without the need for extensive treatment. Read more


Photo: Hardwasser AG

Less water in summer, more in winter
Climate change is altering air temperature and precipitation patterns in Switzerland, thereby impairing the recharge and quality of groundwater. A mix of measures is needed to ensure the sustainable use of groundwater as a resource. Good forecasts enable timely action and support investment decisions. Read more


Photo: Kilian J. Kessler

Specialist in the detection of harmful substances
Juliane Hollender’s group uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to search for unknown micropollutants in groundwater and investigates what effect they have and how they can be removed. Read more


Photo: Adobe Stock

How artificial intelligence detects nitrate hotspots
Eawag researchers are using machine learning to map nitrate pollution in Swiss groundwater. This allows gaps in the measurement network to be filled and the causes of excessive values to be identified. Read more





Graphic: Peter Penicka, Eawag

How groundwater reacts to thermal storage
A new type of high-temperature thermal storage system was built to provide a more sustainable supply of heat for the Empa and Eawag site in Dübendorf, which promotes the decarbonisation of the energy system. A research project is investigating how this affects groundwater. Read more




Photo: Luftaufnahme Erich Meyer

Cities: heat islands underground too
The groundwater temperature in cities is often significantly higher than in the countryside. The waste heat from underground buildings in particular causes the temperature to rise. Researchers use models to calculate the heat input into the groundwater. The heat in the underground could increasingly be used for heating. The potential is huge. Read more


Photo: Roman Alther, Eawag

Protecting biodiversity underground
Groundwater harbours an unprecedented diversity of invertebrate organisms. These feed on microbes, among other things, and help to ensure that the groundwater can be used as drinking water. This biodiversity is reduced in areas with intensive agriculture. Read more


Photo: Peter Penicka, Eawag

“We want to give groundwater a face”
The Swiss Groundwater Network promotes the development of knowledge, supports specialised projects and fosters exchange between research and practice. As a member of the network’s management team, Mario Schirmer attaches particular importance to cooperation between science, authorities and the population. Read more


Photo: Wikimedia, Adrian Michael

Groundwater protection: support in enforcement
The Groundwater Protection Platform supports cantonal agencies, municipalities, water suppliers and consulting offices in the implementation of new groundwater protection tasks. It develops new technical principles and practical methods and promotes knowledge exchange. Read more






Impressions from the Eawag Info Day 2025
Over 200 people from public administration, private engineering firms, professional associations and research participated in the Eawag Info Day at the Empa-Eawag Campus in Dübendorf. The presentations, discussions in the hall and during breaks, as well as the guided tours and the exhibition, provided an opportunity to learn about and exchange ideas on problems and solutions for the use and protection of groundwater. Our picture gallery provides an impression of the Info Day 2025.








The Info Day magazine
All articles from this Eawag Special can also be found in the Info Day magazine (in German and French).
Browse through the magazine online in German or French
Download the magazine as a PDF in German or French
Order the magazine as a print edition







Save the date: Eawag's Info Day 2026 ‘Water & Energy Transition’
The next Eawag Info Day will take place on 15 September 2026 in Lucerne and will focus on the topic of ‘Water & Energy Transition’. Interested? Then send us an email at infotag@eawag.ch so that we can send you the programme flyer as soon as it is published.



Cover picture: grafikvonfrauschubert,  Eawag.

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If you have any questions or suggestions, please send us an e-mail to redaktion@eawag.ch
or visit our website eawag.ch.

Publisher
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

Contact
Eawag
Überlandstrasse 133
8600 Dübendorf
Switzerland
www.eawag.ch
redaktion@eawag.ch




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