Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning

• Urban sanitation general

• Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES)

• Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES) Guidelines

	- HCES Background Papers
	- HCES and the Bellagio Principles

• Material Flow Analysis

	- Material Flow Analysis for Environmental Sanitation Planning
	- Material Flow Analysis for Urban Water Management
	- Material Flow Analysis for Assessing River Water Quality Problems

Urban sanitation general

When is shared sanitation improved sanitation? The correlation between number of users and toilet hygiene I. Günther, B. C. Niwagaba, C. Lüthi, A. Horst, H-J. Mosler,  I. K. Tumwebaze (2012) Research for Policy 2. ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Interdisciplinary Research on Urban Sanitation in Kampala’s Slum Settlements – Preliminary Results I. K. Tumwebaze, A. Horst, C. Lüthi (2012) Sandec News No. 13

Sustainable Sanitation in Cities - A framework for action C. Lüthi, A. Panesar, T. Schütze, A. Norström, J. McConville, J. Parkinson, D. Saywell, R. Ingle (2011)

Where do Kampala’s poor “go”? Urban sanitation conditions in Kampala’s low-income areas I. Günther, A. Horst, C. Lüthi, H-J. Mosler, B. C. Niwagaba, I. K. Tumwebaze (2011) Research for Policy 1. ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES)

Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES) A set of planning guidelines based on a multi-sector and multi-actor approach accounting for water supply, sanitation, solid waste management and storm drainage in urban areas, and emphasizing the participation of all stakeholders from an early stage in the planning process.

Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES) Guidelines

N.B. The HCES have been revised, and are now called CLUES. This section contains publications on HCES, more recent publications on this topic can be found in CLUES.

Local solutions for sanitation C. Lüthi, A. Morel, M. Sherpa, E. Tilley, EM. Heim (2011) Article on HCES Guidelines in NCCR North-South Evidence for Policy

Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation - Implementing the Bellagio Principles in Urban Environmental Sanitation (French and Spanish versions also available) (2005) Provisional Guideline for Decision-Makers

HCES Background Papers

NCCR North-South Dialogue – People’s Choice First - A 4-Country Comparative Validation of the HCES Planning Approach for Environmental Sanitation C. Lüthi, A. Morel, P. Kohler, E. Tilley (2009)

Integrate at the Top, Involve at the Bottom - The Household-Centred Approach to Environmental Sanitation C. Lüthi, A. Morel and E. Tilley (2008) This paper presents initial experience with implementation of the Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES) approach, jointly developed by the WSSCC and Eawag-Sandec.

Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation - an integrated planning approach C. Lüthi, A. Morel, R. Schertenleib (2006) PowerPoint presentation giving an overview of the main characteristics and methodological approach, illustrating the 10-step planning process and listing the criteria developed for HCES site selection.

From conventional to advanced environmental sanitation R. Schertenleib (2005) Paper published in Water Science and Technology, discussing the pros and cons of conventional sanitation systems, presenting the current state of urban sanitation in developing countries, and introducing a new paradigm and guiding principles in urban environmental sanitation planning. (For a PDF copy please contact Caterina Dalla Torre)

New approaches for improved sustainability in urban environmental sanitation infrastructure and services C. Zurbrügg, A. Morel, R. Schertenleib (2004) Paper presented at the Conference entitled "Social sustainability of environmental technologies in developing countries", Desenzano del Garda, Italy, 21st October 2004. The paper compares, amongst others, 3 different approaches to local environmental improvement. Furthermore it defines the research tasks towards reaching the MDG target 10.

The Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation Approach (Spanish version also available) R. Schertenleib, A. Morel (2003) Paper presented at the 3rd World Water Forum in Kyoto.

Report of the Working Group on Environmental Sanitation to the 5th Global Forum of the WSSCC in Iguaçu Sandec / WSSCC (2000)

Household Centred Environmental Sanitation. Report of the Hilterfingen Workshop on Environmental Sanitation in the 21st Century Sandec/WSSCC (1999)

Household Centred Environmental Sanitation J. M. Kalbermatten, R. Middleton, R. Schertenleib (1999)

HCES and the Bellagio Principles

Guidelines for the Implementation of the Bellagio Principles and the Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation Approach (HCES) R. Schertenleib, A. Morel, J. Kalbermatten and D. Saywell (2003) This article describes the main components of the preliminary guidelines that were developed for the Implementation of the Bellagio Principles and the HCES Approach. It describes the Enabling Environment which is required for the successful implementation of the HCES Approach and defines a 10 Steps processes for its implementation.

Alternative Environmental Sanitation Concepts for Developing Countries (German and French version also available) A. Morel, R. Schertenleib, C. Zurbrügg (2003) Article published in the EAWAG News 57d. It presents the Bellagio Principles and the Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation Approach, and describes the current situation in the development of preliminary guidelines for the implementation of the HCES approach.

Summary Report of Bellagio Expert Consultation on Environmental Sanitation in the 21st Century Sandec / WSSCC (2000)

Bellagio Statement: Clean, Healthy and Productive Living: A New Approach to Environmental Sanitation Sandec / WSSCC (2000)

Material Flow Analysis

Material Flow Analysis for Environmental Sanitation Planning

Assessing nutrient flows in septic tanks by eliciting expert judgement: A promising method in the context of developing countries A. Montangero, H. Belevi (2007) This paper illustrates how expert judgement can be used to fill data gaps. Formal expert elicitation technique has been used to determine prior probability distributions for nutrient transfer coefficients in septic tanks. Moreover, simple models describing nutrient behaviour in septic tanks, pit latrines and urine diversion latrines are also described Published in Water Research Volume 41, Issue 5, March 2007, Pages 1052–1064 (For a PDF copy please contact Caterina Dalla Torre)

Building the Concept of Material Flow Analysis into the Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation Planning Approach A. Montangero, N. Viet Anh, C. Lüthi, R. Schertenleib, H. Belevi (2006) This paper was presented at the Conference on Renewed Efforts to Plan for Sustainable Development organized by the Institute of Urban and Regional Planning of the Technical University Berlin & European Academy of the Urban Environment in Berlin (August 2006). It discusses very first ideas how the method of material flow analysis could be integrated in the Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation Planning Approach

Material Flux Analysis for the Planning of Domestic Solid Waste and Wastewater Management: A Case Study in Pak Kret Municipality, Nonthaburi, Thailand T. Sinsupan, T. Koottatep, A. Montangero (2005) This paper was presented at the 4th Thai National Environmental Conference in Chonburi, Thailand (January 2005). It describes problems as well as potential solutions in the field of environmental sanitation based on the analysis of nitrogen flows in the city of Pakkret, Thailand.

Material Flux Analysis for Environmental Sanitation Planning – An introduction A. Montangero, A. Ongmongkolkul, T. Sinsupan, LN. Cau, T. Koottatep (2005) Lecture notes and exercises

Material Flow Analysis as a Tool for Environmental Sanitation Planning in Viet Tri, Vietnam A. Montangero, NTK. Thai, H. Belevi (2004) This paper was presented at the 30th WEDC Conference in Vientiane (October 2004). It illustrates how the method of Material Flow Analysis can be applied to assess measures aiming at optimizing nitrogen recovery through improved excreta management in Viet Tri, Vietnam

Material flow analysis as a strategic planning tool for regional waste water and solid waste management H. Belevi (2002) This paper was presented at the workshop "Globale Zukunft: Kreislaufwirtschaftskonzepte im kommunalen Abwasser- und Fäkalienmanagement" organized by GTZ and BMZ in collaboration with ATV-DVWK in Munich (May 2002). It aims at familiarizing the reader with the material flow analysis method using a case study: Nitrogen and phosphorus recovery in the environmental sanitation system of Kumasi, Ghana.

Material Flow Analysis for Urban Water Management

Confronting limitations: new solutions required for the urban water management in Kunming City DB. Huang, HP. Bader, R. Scheidegger, R. Schertenleib, W. Gujer (2007) This paper describes the current urban water system in Kunming, China as well as the impact of scenarios on the pollution of the Dianchi Lake. Published in Journal of Environmental Management 84 (2007) 49–61 (For a PDF copy please contact Caterina Dalla Torre)

Material Flow Analysis for Assessing River Water Quality Problems

Using a Material Flow Analysis Model to Trace and Quantify Pollution Sources in River Basins of Developing Countries - A Basis for Effective River Water Quality Management M. Schaffner, R. Scheidegger (2006) This paper was presented at the International Conference on “Management of Water, Wastewater and Environment: Challenges for the Developing Countries” in Kathmandu/Nepal (September 2006). Based on the example of the rice farming system, the paper illustrates the MFA approach for assessing nutrient pollution problems in a tropical lowland river system.

Using a Material Flow Analysis Model to Assess River Water Quality Problems and Mitigation Potentials - A case study in the Thachin River, Central Thailand M. Schaffner, HP. Bader, T. Koottatep, R. Scheidegger, R. Schertenleib (2006) Paper presentated at the 3rd APHW Conference on “Wise Water Resources Management Towards Sustainable Growth and Poverty Reduction” in Bangkok (October 2006). The paper illustrates the MFA approach for assessing nutrient pollution problems based on the example of urban domestic wastewater.

Assessment of Water Quality Problems and Mitigation Potentials by Using Material Flow Analysis - A Case-Study in the Tha Chin River Basin, Thailand M. Schaffner, T. Koottatep, HP. Bader, A. Montangero, R. Scheidegger, R. Schertenleib (2005) Paper presented at the International Symposium on “The Role of Water Sciences in Transboundary River Basin Management” in Ubon Ratchathani/Thailand (March 2005). The paper presents the methodological approach of MFA, as it is used in the specific context of assessing nutrient pollution problems in a tropical, lowland river system, on the basis of scarce and uncertain data.