Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Municipal Solid Waste Management
Municipal Solid Waste Management
| - Anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste | |
| - Decentralized composting |
| · Co-composting of organic waste and faecal sludge | |
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· Market demand for compost from organic waste |
| - Conversion of Organic Refuse by Saprophages (CORS) | |
| - Organic matter from landfills | |
| - Assessing and planning Municipal Solid Waste Management | |
| - Community-based involvement in solid waste management | |
| - Clean Development Mechanism | |
| - Recycling of non-organic solid waste |
Organic waste management
Anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste
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Technological and operational improvements of a dry digestion pilot biogas plant developed by Sandec in Kumasi Z. Robbiani (2012) This study aimed at improving the dry digestion pilot plant in Kumasi. It resulted in the construction and testing of a new dry digestion reactor made of a used high-quality shipping container. |
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Environmental Impact of Different Treatment Options for Municipal Organic Waste. A Case Study from Bolivia E. Volkart (2012) In this thesis, three different scenarios for organic municipal waste treatment in Bolivia were assessed in order to quantify their greenhouse gas emissions: 1) the disposal of organic waste at a landfill; 2) the treatment by anaerobic digestion; 3) the treatment by composting. Two different approaches to quantify the environmental impact of the waste treatment scenarios have been applied, Life Cycle Assessment and approved CDM methodologies. |
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Feasibility Assessment Tool for Urban Anaerobic Digestion in Developing Countries. Applied in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia C. R. Lohri (2012) In this thesis, a methodology was developed to facilitate a participatory multi-criteria assessment for urban anaerobic digestion (AD). The developed tool uses not only technical but also broader sustainability as feasibility criteria. It contains a structured set of relevant questions to consider in the planning stage of an AD project. |
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Biogas from Solid Waste M. Burri, G. Martius (2011) Conception and Construction of a Dry Fermentation Pilot Plant for Developing Countries. |
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Evaluation of small-scale biogas systems for the treatment of faeces and kitchen waste. Case study Kochi, South India N. Estoppey (2010)
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Evaluation of Biogas Sanitation Systems in Nepalese Prisons C. Lohri, Y. Vögeli, A. Oppliger, R. Mardini, A. Giusti, C. Zurbrügg (2010) IWA-DEWATS Conference 2010 (Summary of the report on behalf of ICRC; Presentation of evaluation results) |
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Anaerobic Digestion of Canteen Waste at a Secondary School in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania T. Gyalpo (2010)
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Technical and Biological Performance of the ARTI compact biogas plant for Kitchen waste - Case study from Tanzania Y. Vögeli, C. Lohri, G. Kassenga, U. Baier, C. Zurbrügg (2009)
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Decentralised anaerobic digestion of market waste. Case study in Thiruvananthapuram, India F. Heeb (2009)
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Research on Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste at Household Level in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania C. Lohri (2009)
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Renewable Energy from Kitchen Waste Y. Vögeli, C. Lohri (2009) Sandec News No. 10 |
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Decentralised Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen and Market Waste in Developing Countries – “State-of-the-Art” in South India Y. Vögeli, C. Zurbrügg (2008) Proceedings; International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, Venice 2008 |
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Biogas in Cities - A New Trend? Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen and Market Waste in Developing Countries Y. Vögeli, C. Zurbrügg (2008) Sandec News No. 9 |
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Anaerobic Digestion of Biodegradable Solid Waste in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Overview over existing technologies and relevant case studies C. Müller (2007) This report gives an overview over the current situation of anaerobic digestion of biodegradable solid waste (kitchen waste, organic household waste) in developing countries. Different technologies implemented in various countries are described. |
Decentralized composting
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Decentralised Composting in Developing Countries. Financial and Technical Evaluation in the Case of Asmara City C. Müller (2006) Diploma Thesis |
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Decentralised Composting - Assessment of Viability through Combined Material Flow Analysis and Cost Accounting S. Drescher, Ch. Müller, T. Kubrom, S. Mehari, Ch. Zurbrügg, S. Kytzia (2006)
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Decentralised Composting: Lessons learned and future potentials for meeting the Millennium Development Goals S. Drescher, Ch. Zurbrügg (2006) CWG – WASH Workshop 2006, 1 – 5 February in Kolkata, India |
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Decentralised Composting for Cities of Low- and Middle-Income Countries - A User's Manual (Hindi and French versions also available) S. Rothenberger, C. Zurbrügg, M. Sinha, I. Enayetullah (2006) This book describes approaches and methods of composting on neighbourhood level in small-and middle-scale plants. It considers issues of waste collection, composting technologies, management systems, occupational health concerns, product quality, marketing and end-user demands. The reader is led step by step through the planning, implementing and operational stages of a decentralised composting scheme. |
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Decentralised Composting of Urban Waste - an Overview of Community and Private Initiatives in Indian Cities C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, A. Patel, H.C. Sharatchandra (2004) Waste Management, Volume 24, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 655-662 This paper presents the results of a study assessing 17 decentralised systems from the cities of Bangalore, Chennai, Pune, and Mumbai. The schemes were classified according to their organisational setup into: 1) citizens' and community initiatives; 2) business and institution initiatives operating on their premises and, 3) small and medium-size private sector initiatives. |
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Decentralised composting in Bangladesh, a win-win situation for all stakeholders C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, I. Rytz, A.H. Md. M. Sinha, I. Enayetullah (2004) The paper describes experiences of Waste Concern, a research based Non-Governmental Organisation, with a community-based decentralised composting project in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. |
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Decentralised Composting solution for Indian Cities - A Resource Guide for Municipal Waste Managers C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, A. Patel, H.C. Sharatchandra (2004) Short easy to read 6 page document on the main issues of decentralised composting in the Indian context. |
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Taking a closer look at decentralised composting schemes - lessons from India C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, Almitra Patel, H.C. Sharatchandra (2003) This paper describes the lessons learned in India on decentralised composting schemes. Published in: Asian Society for Environmental Protection (ASEP) – Newsletter, March 2003 |
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Decentralised Composting in Dhaka, Production of Compost and its Marketing C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, I. Rytz, M. Sinha, I. Enayetullah (2002) This conference paper summarises the report by I. Rytz (2001). It concentrates on the description of the composting process, the finances and the marketing strategy of Waste Concern. |
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Fact Sheets of Composting Plants in India S. Drescher (2002) The files contain pictures and technical and organisational information about various decentralised composting sites in India. |
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Decentralised Composting in India: Workshop report C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, Almitra Patel, H.C. Sharatchandra (2002) Proceedings of a workshop held in Banglalore in July 2002 on Decentralised composting for Indian Cities. Participants were composting plant managers and community leaders form 6 South Indian Cities. |
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Decentralised Composting in India - Lessons Learned C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, Almitra Patel, H.C. Sharatchandra (2002) This paper is a contribution to the WEDC Conference (Nov. 2002 held in Kolkota) and describes the lessons learned from the research study in India on decentralised composting schemes. |
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Assessment
of a Decentralised Composting Scheme in Dhaka, Bangladesh - Technical,
operational, organisational and financial aspects I. Rytz (2001) This report describes the set-up and process of a decentralised waste collection and composting system of the NGO Waste Concern. It provides detailed information about the material flows, the composting process (indonesian windrow technique), the management as well as a cost-revenues analysis |
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Dezentrale Kompostierung von kommunlaen Abfällen in der 10-Millionen Stadt Dhaka, Bangladesch C. Zurbrügg, I. Rytz (2001) This short paper published in the yearly EAWAG report describes the primary collection and decentralised composting scheme in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This article is available in German only. |
Co-composting of organic waste and faecal sludge
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Decentralised Co-Digestion of Faecal Sludge with Organic Solid Waste. Case Study in Maseru, Lesotho C. Müller (2009) This study evaluates the biogas plants installed in Maseru, Lesotho, by TED-Borda. These biogas plants treat mainly human faeces, but also kitchen and garden waste and animal manure. |
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Co-Composting Reduces Helminth Eggs in Faecal Sludge K. Gallizzi (2003) Results of monitoring the faecal sludge/solid waste pilot co-composting scheme at Buobai, Kumasi (Ghana) for helminth egg removal. Field report. |
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Nitrogen in Co-compost and other chemical compost analyses M. Tanner (2003) Results of monitoring the faecal sludge/solid waste pilot co-composting scheme at Buobai, Kumasi (Ghana) for physico-chemical parameters, notably nitrogen. Field report. |
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Co-composting of Faecal Sludge and Municipal Organic Waste M. Strauss, S. Drescher, C. Zurbrügg, A. Montangero, O. Cofie, P. Drechsel (2003) The review sets out to describe the resource potential of faecal sludge (FS) and organic municipal solid waste (MSW); introduces meaningful characteristics of FS and MSW, and describes options for FS and organic MSW treatment, of which the combined composting (co-composting) constitutes one. The relevant process design and operational parameters for composting and co-composting are discussed. The documents also reports on cases and practices as retrieved from published and grey literature. Open questions are identified and proposals for further field research given. |
Market demand for compost from organic waste
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Marketing Compost J. Rouse, S. Rothenberger, Ch. Zurbrügg (2008) This guide describes a marketing approach to composting, and is intended to help compost producers run more viable initiatives by unlocking the value of their product. |
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Marketing Compost in Nepal. Field Testing of Sandec’s Compost Marketing Handbook A. Frömelt (2007) This report contains a marketing study for two compost producers in Nepal. The survey was done according to Sandec's Marketing Handbook (available from the end of 2007) and gives an overview of the market environment in Nepal, estimates the market demand of compost and makes suggestions on how to promote the product. |
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Markets for Compost - a key factor for success of urban composting schemes in developing countries C. Zurbrügg (2003) Description of the rationale on studies into available and potential markets for compost from urban waste, including results from studies in Dar es Salaam and Karachi. By in City Matters Magazine, online Journal of Urbanicity |
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Urban Organic Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan C. Zurbrügg (2002) This paper is a contribution to the WEDC Conference (Nov. 2002 held in Kolkata) and describes the lessons learned from the research study in Karachi, Pakistan on organic municipal solid waste management and marketing of compost. |
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Decentralised Composting in Dhaka, Production of Compost and its Marketing C. Zurbrügg, S. Drescher, I. Rytz, M. Sinha, I. Enayetullah (2002) This conference paper summarises the report by I. Rytz (2001). It concentrates on the description of the composting process, the finances and the marketing strategy of Waste Concern. |
Conversion of Organic Refuse by Saprophages (CORS)
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Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Organic Waste Treatment – Prospects and Constraints S. Diener (2011) A summary of the research results from experiments in Switzerland, Thailand and Costa Rica, using different waste sources like municipal organic waste and dried faecal sludge. |
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Valorisation of Organic Solid Waste using the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens, in Low and Middle‐Income Countries S. Diener (2010)
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Are Larvae of the Black Soldier Fly – Hermetia Illucens – a financially viable Option for Organic Waste Management in Costa Rica? S. Diener (2009) This conference paper focuses on organic waste in Costa Rica and makes preliminary calculations regarding the costs of a treatment plant using larvae of the Black Soldier Fly. |
Organic matter from landfills
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Benefits and Risk of the Use of Organic Matter from Asmara Landfill in Agriculture S. Drescher, B. Abraha, Dr. W. Ogbazghi, Dr. M. Tesfai, S. Mehari, T. Kubrom (2004) This workshop report contains the core findings of the study presented to an audience of stakeholders and decision-makers in Asmara. The study comprises technical and socio-economic aspects. It presents the role of visible pollutants, heavy metal content and nutrient content of the material as well as the perceptions of farmers who use the material. The report shows the responses of different stakeholders on the issue and an outlook on further activities. |
Other Municipal Solid Waste Management topics
Assessing and planning Municipal Solid Waste Management
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Global Waste Challenge Eawag Sandec CWG (2008) This booklet aims at rising the awareness of the appalling situation related to Municipal Solid Waste Management in developing countries. |
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Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management in India - A Sourcebook for Policy Makers and Practitioners World Bank Institute, Infrastructure Professionals Enterprise, Centre for Environment Education, Eawag/Sandec (2007) This book was written to support training of municipal officers. Although this book is about SWM in India, we expect that its contents will also help local governments throughout the developing world to plan and implement sustainable solutions to the waste management challenge. |
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Municipal Solid Waste Management. Defining the Baseline C. Zurbrügg (2003) A Checklist for Assessments of Municipal Solid Waste Systems |
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Urban Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries of Asia - How to Cope with the Garbage Crisis C. Zurbrügg (2003) This paper was presented at the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) Urban Solid Waste Management Review Session, Durban, South Africa, November 2002. In gives a brief overview on the key issues on municipal solid waste management in the Asian context. |
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Baseline Study on Water Supply, Sanitation and Solid Waste in Upper Dharamsala, India |
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Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries |
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Main Problems and Issues of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries with Emphasis on Problems related to Disposal by Landfill |
Community-based involvement in solid waste management
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Enhancing Community Motivation and Participation in Solid Waste Management C. Zurbrügg, R. Ahmed (1999) Sandec News No. 4 - This Sandec News article describes a pilot project in Shah Rasool Colony a low income community in Karachi Pakistan where the community initiated a community based primary collection scheme for their neighborhood. |
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Informing, Educating and Motivating Community Members C. Zurbrügg, R. Ahmed (1998) This paper was presented at the Third Swedish Landfill Research Symposia in October 1998 in Lulea, Sweden. It describes a pilot project undertaken in Shah Rasool Colony a low income community in Karachi Pakistan. The project involved an information, education campaign to motivate the community members to initiate a primary waste collection scheme, managed by the community itself. |
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Domestic Refuse Collection in Low Income Urban Areas R. Ahmed, S. Kaukab, R. Schertenleib (1998) The paper presented at the WEDC conference in Islamabad in 1998 describes a project in a slum of Karachi, Pakistan. It covers the issues and experiences with the IEM approach (Information, Education, Motivation) in involving communities in solid waste management with community based schemes. |
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Non-Governmental Refuse Collection in Low-Income Urban Areas R. Pfammatter, R. Schertenleib (1996) This report aims at summarising some of the experience gained with non-governmental refuse collection operated by communities or small private enterprises. Several Annexes provide Checklists, Model Contracts and Selected Cases. |
Clean Development Mechanism
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The use of the Clean Development Mechanism to finance decentralised waste management and wastewater treatment projects in developing countries C. Luethi (2005) Diploma Thesis |
Recycling of non-organic solid waste
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Improving the informal recycling sector through segregation of waste in the household - The case of Dhaka Bangladesh A. Matter, M. Dietschi, C. Zurbrügg (2012) Habitat International, Article in press |
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Recyclage des déchets solides à Fada N’Gourma (Burkina Faso). Pratique actuelle et potentialités P. Bayili, J. Wethe, N. Merky (2006) |