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A fascinating ecosystem and a source of energy
Publications

Publications

Lake Kivu has aroused the interest of various scientific fields and therefore the publications concerning this East-African lake are similarly diverse. Thus, only a selected list of literature is provided here, some of which are made accessible as full-text Pdf-files.

Lake Kivu catchment: Hydrology, geology, volcanic activity

  • Bergonzini, L. (1998), Bilans hydriques de lacs (Kivu, Tanganyika, Rukwa et Nyassa) du rift est-africain, 183 pp., Département de géologie et de minéralogie musée royal de l'afrique centrale, Tervuren.
  • Bluth G.J.S., Carn S.A. (2008) Exceptional sulfur degassing from Nyamuragira volcano, 1979–2005. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 29, No. 22, 20 November 2008, 6667–6685, doi: 10.1080/01431160802168434 [pdf, 457KB]
  • Bultot, F. (1954), Saisons et périodes sèches et pluvieuses au Congo Belge et au Ruanda-Urundi, 70 pp., I.N.E.A.C., Bruxelles.
  • Bultot, F. (1971), Atlas climatique du bassin congolais. 4 parties, I.N.E.A.C., Bruxelles.
  • Bureau Climatologique (Bruxelles) (1960), Bulletin climatologique annuel du Congo et du Ruanda-Urundi, I.N.E.A.C., Bruxelles.
  • D'Oreye N., Gonzáles P.J., Shuler A., Oth A., Bagalwa L., Ekström G., Kavotha D., Kervyn F., Lucas C., Lukaya F., Osodundu E., Wauthier C., Fernándes J. (2011)
    Source parameters of the 2008 Bukavu-Cyangugu earthquake estimated from InSAR and teleseismic data. Geophys. J. Int. (2011) 184, 934–948, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04899.x [pdf, 1.78MB]
  • Durieux, J. (2004), Nyiragongo: The January 10th 1977 eruption, Acta Vulcanologica, 14/15, 145-148.
  • Ilunga L. (1991) Morphologie, volcanisme et sédimentation dans le rift du Sud-Kivu. Bulletin de la Société géographique de Liège, 27, 1991, 209-228, [pdf, 563KB]
  • Komorowski, J. C., et al. (2004), The January 2002 flank eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo): Chronology, evidence for a tectonic rift trigger, and impact of lava flows on the City of Goma, Acta Vulcanologica, 14/15, 27-62. [pdf, 1.08 MB]
  • Martineau, P. (2003), La route commerciale du coltan Congolais: Une enquête, 41 pp, Faculté de Science Politique et de Droit, Montréal. [pdf, 749 KB]
  • Moeyersons, J., et al. (2004), A geomorphological assessment of landslide origin at Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Engineering Geology, 72, 73-87. [pdf, 1.96 MB]
  • Muvundja F.A., Pasche N., Bugenyi F.W.B., Isumbisho M., Müller B., Namugize J.-N., Rinta P., Schmid M., Stierli R., Wüest A. (2009) Balancing nutrient inputs to Lake Kivu. Journal of Great Lakes Research 35 (2009) 406–418, doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2009.06.002 [pdf, 1.03MB]
  • Peeters, L. (1957), Contribution à l'Étude de la Genèse du Lac Kivu., Bull. Soc. Belg., Études Géogr., XXVI, 155-168.
  • Rinta P. (2009), Modelling nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to Lake Kivu, Central
    Africa. MSc thesis, 95 p. [pdf, 3.33MB]
  • Tassi, F., et al. (2009), Water and gas chemistry at Lake Kivu (DRC): Geochemical evidence of vertical and horizontal heterogeneities in a multibasin structure, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 10. [pdf, 896KB]
  • Tedesco, D. (2004), 1995 Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira activity in the Virunga National Park: A volcanic crisis, Acta Vulcanologica, 14/15, 149-156. [pdf, 138 KB]
  • Tedesco, D., et al. (2007), Cooperation on Congo volcanic and environmental risks, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 88, 177-181. [pdf, 2.18 MB]
  • Tedesco, D., et al. (2002), Niyaragongo. Report of field work; MODIS imagery from January 2002 eruption Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 27 no. 3.
  • Tedesco, D., et al. (2007), January 2002 volcano-tectonic eruption of Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo, Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 112. [pdf, 526 KB]
  • Tuttle, M. L., et al. (1990), Natural hazards associated with Lake Kivu and adjoining areas of the Birunga volcanic field, Rwanda and Zaire, Central Africa, Open File Report, 47 pp, USGS.
  • Wauthier, C., Cayol V., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N. (2012), Magma sources involved in the 2002 Nyiragongo eruption, as inferred from an InSAR analysis, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B05411, doi:10.1029/2011JB008257. [pdf, 914KB]
  • Wong, H. K., and Vonherze.Rp (1974), Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East-Africa, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 37, 371-389. [pdf, 2.56 MB]

Lake Kivu ecology

  • Beadle, L. C. (1981), The Inland waters of tropical Africa an introduction to tropical limnology, 2 ed., X, 475 pp., Longman, London New York.
  • Bootsma, H. A., and R. E. Hecky (1993), Conservation of the African Great-Lakes - a Limnological Perspective, Conservation Biology, 7, 644-656. [pdf, 1.68 MB]
  • Bootsma, H. A., and R. E. Hecky (2003), A comparative introduction to the biology and limnology of the African Great Lakes, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 29, 3-18. [pdf, 205 KB]
  • De Iongh, H. H., et al. (1983), Feeding habits of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon (Boulenger), in Lake Kivu, Hydrobiologia, 102, 113-122. [pdf, 600 KB]
  • Descy, J. P., and Y. Fourniret (1991), Quelques données récentes sur la production planctonique du lac Kivu (Rwanda), in Hommage à F. A. FOREL. Proceedings of the Third CILEF, edited by P. Vernet, pp. 147-149, Morges.
  • Dumont, H. J. (1986), The Tanganyika Sardine in Lake Kivu - Another Ecodisaster for Africa, Environmental Conservation, 13, 143-148. [pdf, 907 KB]
  • Frank, T. (2008), Chlorophyll-a-Kartierung des Kivusees (Ruanda, Kongo) mit Fernerkundungsdaten, Diploma thesis, 79 pp, Universität Zürich, Zürich. [pdf, 53.2 MB]
  • Froese, R., and D. Pauly (2008), Fishbase, www.fishbase.org.
  • Hecky, R. E., and J. Kling (1987), Phytoplankton ecology of the great lakes in the rift valleys of Central Africa, Archive für Hydrobiologie. Beihefte: Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 25, 197-228.
  • Isumbisho, M., et al. (2004), Seasonal and diel variations in diet of the young stages of the fish Limnothrissa miodon in Lake Kivu, Eastern Africa, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20, 73-83. [pdf, 224 KB]
  • Isumbisho, M., et al. (2006), Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction, Journal of Plankton Research, 28, 971-989. [pdf, 1.02 MB]
  • Kaningini, M. (1995), Étude de la croissance, de la reproduction et de l'exploitation de Limnothrissa Miodon au lac Kivu, bassin de Bukavu (Zaïre). Presses Universitaires de Namur, Namur.
  • Kaningini, M., et al. (2003), Étude du zooplancton du lac Kivu: composition, variations d'abondance et distribution, Bull. Séanc. Acac. R. Sci. Outre-Mer, 49, 145-160.
  • Kilham, P., and S. S. Kilham (1990), Endless Summer - Internal Loading Processes Dominate Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Lakes, Freshwater Biology, 23, 379-389. [pdf, 1.04 MB]
  • Kiss, R. (1959), Analyse quantitative du zooplancton du lac Kivu, Fol. Scient. Afr. Centr., 5, 78-80.
  • Kneubühler M., Frank T., Kellenberger T.W., Pasche N., Schmid M. (2007), Mapping chlorophyll-a in Lake Kivu with remote sensing methods. Proc. ‘Envisat Symposium 2007’, Montreux, Switzerland [pdf, 804KB]
  • Marlier, G. (1954), Recherches hydrobiologiques dans les rivières du Congo oriental - II. Etude écologique, Hydrobiologia, 6, 225-264. [pdf, 2.02 MB]
  • Marshall, B. E. (1991), Seasonal and annual variations in the abunda
    nce of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in Lake Kivu, J. Fish Biol., 39, 641-648.
  • Masilya, M. P., Darchambeau, F., Isumbisho, M., and Descy, J.-P. (2011), Diet overlap between the newly introduced Lamprichthys tanganicanus and the Tanganyika sardine in Lake Kivu, Eastern Africa. Hydrobiologia, 1-12., doi:10.1007/s10750-011-0797-y [pdf, 973KB]
  • Muderhwa N., Matabaro L. (2010), The introduction of the endemic fish species, Lamprichthys Tanganicanus (Poeciliidae), from Lake Tanganyika into Lake Kivu: Possible causes and effects. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 13(2):203–213, 2010. doi:10.1080/14634981003800733 [pdf, 2.05MB]
  • Reyntjens, D. (1982), Bijdrage tot limnologie van het Kivu-meer. Werk van landbouwheending Ingenieur, 89 pp, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Gent.
  • Roest, C. F. (1999), Introduction of a pelagic fish into a large natural Lake: Lake Kivu, Central Africa, in Fish and Fisheries of Lakes and Reservoirs in Southeast Asia and Africa, edited by W. L. T. van Densen and M. J. Morris, pp. 327-338, Westbury Publishing, Otley.
  • Sarmento, H. (2006), Écologie du phytoplancton du lac Kivu (Afrique de l'Est), Dissertation thesis, 184 pp, FUNDP, Namur. [pdf, 5.58 MB]
  • Sarmento, H., et al. (2006), Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa), Journal of Plankton Research, 28, 815-829. [pdf, 625 KB]
  • Sarmento, H., et al. (2007), Species diversity of pelagic algae in Lake Kivu (East Africa), Cryptogamie Algologie, 28, 245-269. [pdf, 7.16 MB]
  • Sarmento, H., et al. (2008), Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa, Freshwater Biology, 53, 756-771. [pdf, 238 KB]
  • Sarmento H., Isumbisho M., Stenuite S., Darchambeau F., Leporcq B., Descy J.-P. (2009) Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 2009, Vol. 30, Part 5, p. 709–713 [pdf, 295KB]
  • Snoeks J., De Vos L., Thys van den Audenaerde D. (1997) The ichthyogeography of Lake Kivu. South African Journal of Science, Vol. 93, 1997, 579 - 584 [pdf, 1.15MB]
  • Spliethoff, P. C., and H. H. De Iongh (1981), Resume d'un programme d'echantillonnage biologique et limnologique dans le Lac Kivu, janvier-decembre 1980. Rapport final sur le programme de recherches biologiques, 48 pp, FAO.
  • Spliethoff, P. C., et al. (1983), Success of the Introduction of the Fresh-Water Clupeid Limnothrissa-Miodon (Boulenger) in Lake Kivu, Fisheries Management, 14, 17-31.
  • Verbeke, J. (1957), Recherches écologiques sur la faune des grands lacs de l'Est du Congo Belge. Exploration Hydrobiologique des Lacs Kivu, Edouard et Albert (1952-54), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bulletin, 3, 1-177.
  • Villanueva, M. C. S., et al. (2008), Modeling trophic interactions in Lake Kivu: What roles do exotics play?, Ecological Modelling, 212, 422-438. [pdf, 1.18 MB]

Lake Kivu stratification, double diffusion and physical processes

  • Carpenter J.R., Sommer T., Wüest A. (2012). Stability of a double-diffusive interface in the diffusive convection regime. Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 42, 840 - 854. doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-0118.1. [pdf, 1.44MB]
  • Carpenter J.R., Timmermans M.L. (2012) Temperature steps in salty seas.
    Physics Today 65(3), 66-67 (2012), doi:10.1063/PT.3.1485 [pdf, 349KB]
  • Damas, H. (1937), La stratification thermique et chimique des lacs Kivu, Edourd et Ndalaga (Congo Belge), Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 8, 51-68.
  • Halbwachs, M., and A. Lorke (2002), Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo eruption of January 2002 specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability, 49 pp., Solidarites Aide Humanitaire d'Urgence, Paris. [pdf, 2.33 MB]
  • Hirslund, F. (2012), An additional challenge of Lake Kivu in Central Africa - upward movement of the chemoclines. Journal of Limnology, 71(1), doi:10.3274/JL12-71-1-09 [pdf, 657KB]
  • Lorke, A., et al. (2004), Response of Lake Kivu stratification to lava inflow and climate warming, Limnology and Oceanography, 49, 778-783. (pdf, 271 KB]
  • Newman, F. C. (1976), Temperature Steps in Lake Kivu - Bottom Heated Saline Lake, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 6, 157-163.
  • Schmid, M., et al. (2005), Report of the scientific expeditions to Lake Kivu in November 2003 and February 2004. An investigation of physical and chemical properties of Lake Kivu as a base for gas outburst risk assessment, 17 pp, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum. [pdf, 1.13 MB]
  • Schmid M., et al. (2010) Double-diffusive convection in Lake Kivu. Limnology and Oceanography, 55(1), 2010, 225–238 [pdf, 2.51MB]
  • Spigel, R. H., and G. W. Coulter (1996), Comparison of hydrology and physical limnology of the East African Great Lakes: Tanganyika, Malawi, Victoria, Kivu and Turkana (with references to some North American great lakes), in The limnology, climatology and paleoclimatology of the East African lakes, edited by T. C. Johnson and E. O. Odada, pp. 103-139, Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam.

Lake Kivu sediments and topography

  • Al-Mutlaq, K. F., et al. (2008), Composition and sources of extractable organic matter from a sediment core in Lake Kivu, East African rift valley, Applied Geochemistry, 23, 1023-1040. [pdf, 593 KB]
  • Botz, R., et al. (1988), Isotope Geochemistry of Carbonate Sediments from Lake Kivu (East-Central Africa), Chemical Geology, 69, 299-308. [pdf, 898KB]
  • Degens, E. T., et al. (1972), Microcrystalline sphalerite in resin globules suspended in Lake Kivu, East Africa, Mineralium Deposita, 7, 1-12.
  • Degens, E. T., and G. Kulbicki (1973), Hydrothermal Origin of Metals in Some East-African Rift Lakes, Mineralium Deposita, 8, 388-404. [pdf, 1.25 MB]
  • Haberyan, K. A., and R. E. Hecky (1987), The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stratigraphy and Paleolimnology of Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 61, 169-197. [pdf, 4.63 MB]
  • Hecky, R. E. (1978), The Kivu-Tanganyika basin: the last 14,000 years, Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 25, 159-165. [pdf, 837KB]
  • Kovachev, G. (1986), Chemical composition of compounds isolated from Kivu Lake (Africa) sediments, Izvestiya po Khimiya, 19, 477-480.
  • Lahmeyer, and Osae (1998), Bathymetric survey of Lake Kivu. Final Report, 18 pp, Republic of Rwanda, Ministry of Public Work, Directory of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Kigali.
  • Lahmeyer, and Osae (1998), Levé Bathymetrique Complet du Lac Kivu. Final Report, 32 pp, Republic of Rwanda. Ministry of Public Work. Directory of Energy and Hydrocarbons, Kigali.
  • Pasche N., Alunga G., Mills K., Muvundja F., Ryves D.B., Schurter M., Wehrli B., Schmid M. (2010) Abrupt onset of carbonate deposition in Lake Kivu during the 1960s: response to recent environmental changes. J Paleolimnol (2010) 44:931–946, doi:10.1007/s10933-010-9465-x [pdf, 925KB]
  • Schoberth, S. M., and K. Tietze (1978), Isolation of Methanogens from Lake Kivu Sediments, in Abstracts of the XII International Congress of Microbiology, edited by International Association of Microbiology Societies, Munich.
  • Stoffers, P., and R. E. Hecky (1978), Late Pleistocene-Holocene evolution of the Kivu-Tanganyika Basin, in Modern and ancient lake sediments; proceedings of a symposium., edited by A. Matter and M. E. Tucker, pp. 43-55, Blackwell, Oxford, International. [pdf, 1.07 MB]
  • Yankov, L. K., and G. D. Kovachev (1980), Normal Alkane Hydrocarbons Isolated from Kivu Lake-Sediments, Dokladi Na Bolgarskata Akademiya Na Naukite, 33, 533-535.

Lake Kivu methane: Biogeochemistry and gases

  • Bochem, H. P., et al. (1982), Thermophilic biomethanation of acetic acid: morphology and ultrastructure of a granular consortium, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 28, 500-510.
  • Borges A.V., et al (2011) Diffusive methane emissions to the atmosphere
    from Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa), Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, G03032, doi:10.1029/2011JG001673 [pdf, 531KB]
  • Burke, K. (1963), Dissolved Gases in East African Lakes, Nature, 198, 568-569. [pdf, 257 KB]
  • Craig, H. (1989), Helium, Tritium, Methane, and Temperature in Deep Rift-Valley Lakes: Tanganyika, Kivu and Baikal., EOS, 70, 1137.
  • Degens, E. T., et al. (1973), Lake Kivu; Structure, Chemistry and Biology of an East African Rift Lake, Geologische Rundschau, 62, 245-277. [pdf, 3.95MB]
  • Deuser, W. G., et al. (1973), Methane in Lake-Kivu - New Data Bearing on Its Origin, Science, 181, 51-54. [pdf, 1.25 MB]
  • Doevenspeck M., Lake Kivu's methane gas: natural risk, or source of energy and political security? (2007) Afrika Spectrum 42 (2007) 1:95-110 [pdf, 231KB]
  • Hecky, R. E., et al. (1996), Phosphorus pumps, nitrogen sinks, and silicon drains: Plumbing nutrients in the African Great Lakes, in The limnology, climatology and paleoclimatology of the East African lakes, edited by T. C. Johnson and E. O. Odada, pp. 205-223, Gordon and Breach Publishers, Amsterdam.
  • Jannasch, H. W. (1975), Methane Oxidation in Lake Kivu (Central Africa), Limnology and Oceanography, 20, 860-864. [pdf, 189 KB]
  • Joye, S. B., et al. (1999), Oxidation of ammonia and methane in an alkaline, saline lake, Limnology and Oceanography, 44, 178-188. [pdf, 141 KB]
  • Kufferath, J. 1960), Le Méthane du Lac Kivu, Les naturalistes Belge, 41, 418-426.
  • Lliros M., et al. (2010) Vertical Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Crenarchaeota and Methanogens in the Epipelagic Waters of Lake Kivu
    (Rwanda-Democratic Republic of the Congo). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Oct. 2010, p. 6853–6863 Vol. 76, No. 20, doi:10.1128/AEM.02864-09 [pdf, 1.45MB]
  • Muvundja F.A., et al. (2009) Balancing nutrient inputs to Lake Kivu. Journal of Great Lakes Research 35 (2009) 406–418, doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2009.06.002 [pdf, 1.03MB]
  • Pasche N., et al. (2009) Physical and biogeochemical limits to internal nutrient loading of meromictic Lake Kivu. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(6), 2009, 1863–1873 [pdf, 1.42MB]
  • Pasche, N., et al. (2011), Methane sources and sinks in Lake Kivu, Journal of Geopyhsical Research, Vol. 116, G03006, doi:10.1029/2011JG001690 [pdf, 1.1MB]
  • Schmid, M., et al. (2004), How hazardous is the gas accumulation in Lake Kivu? Arguments for a risk assessment in light of the Nyiragongo Volcano eruption of 2002, Acta Vulcanologica, 14/15, 115-122. [pdf, 3.7 MB]
  • Schmid, M., et al. (2005), Weak mixing in Lake Kivu: New insights indicate increasing risk of uncontrolled gas eruption, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 6. [pdf, 523 KB]
  • Schmitz, D. M., and J. Kufferath (1955), Problèmes posées par la Présence de Gaz dissous dans les Eaux profondes du Lac Kivu, Académie Royales des Sciences Coloniales, Bulletin des Séances, nouvelle Série, 1, 326-356.
  • Schoell, M., et al. (1988), Origin of Methane in Lake Kivu (East-Central Africa), Chemical Geology, 71, 257-265.
  • Tassi F., et al. (2009) Water and gas chemistry at Lake Kivu (DRC): Geochemical evidence of vertical and horizontal heterogeneities in a multibasin structure. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q02005, doi:10.1029/2008GC002191 [pdf, 897KB]
  • Tietze, K. (1978), Geophysikalische Untersuchung des Kivusees und seiner ungewöhnlichen Methangaslagerstätte Schichtung, Dynamik und Gasgehalt des Seewassers, VIII, 149 pp., Kiel.
  • Tietze, K. (1980), Central-Africa - Methane Gas in Lake Kivu, Umschau in Wissenschaft Und Technik, 80, 438-440.
  • Tietze, K., et al. (1980), The genesis of the methane in Lake Kivu (Central Africa), Geologische Rundschau, 69, 452-472.

Lake Kivu methane harvesting

  • Halbwachs, M. (2003), The exploitation of methane in Lake Kivu: Pilot station project. Data environment., 70 pp. [pdf, 2.06 MB]
  • Hassan, M. (2000), Lake Kivu gas development and promotional related issues. Final report, 22 pp, Republic of Rwanda. Ministry of energy, water and natural resources, Kigali. [pdf, 130 KB]
  • Kling, G. W., et al. (2006), Lake Kivu Gas extraction - Report on Lake stability, World Bank. [pdf, 1.68 MB]
  • Preussag (1972), Étude technique préliminaire - Extraction et Traitement du Méthane Dissous dans le Lac Kivu., 149 pp, Bundesstelle für Entwicklungshilfe, Hannover.
  • Saarberg Interplan (1982), Gaz Méthane du Lac Kivu. Étude de Préfactibilité, élaborée pour la Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs dans le Cadre du Contrat ET/1294, Projet Régional, Tome I & II, Saarbrücken.
  • Tazieff, H. (1988), Lake Nyos - Lake Kivu. Opportunities and Risks for Exploiting Methane, Courier, 109, 45-47.
  • Tietze, K. (2000), Lake Kivu gas development and promotion-related issues: Safe and environmentally sound exploitation, 110 pp, Republic of Rwanda; Ministry of energy, water and natural resources, Kigali. [pdf, 2.33 MB]
  • Tietze, K. (2007), Basic plan for monitoring, regulating and steering exploitation of the unique methane gas deposit in Lake Kivu: safely, environmentally soundly and with optimal yield. Report commissioned by W+S Beteiligungs AG.
  • Tietze, K., and A. Lorke (2003), Lake Kivu methane project - feasibility study. Pilot station project. Data environment, 66 pp.
  • Tietze, K., and E. Maier-Reimer (1977), Recherches mathématiques-physiques pour la mise en exploitation du gisement de gas méthane dans le Lac Kivu. Rapport final, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover.
  • Wüest A., Jarc L., Schmid M. (2009) Modelling the reinjection of deep-water after methane extraction in Lake Kivu [pdf, 2.52MB]