Groundwater pollution Red River Delta/Vietnam
Deep aquifers
Deep aquifers
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As concentrations in Pleistocene aquifers of the Red River Delta at depths >50 m. Highest As concentrations (up to 330 μgL−1) in the Pleistocene aquifer are found in the same area where high As concentrations are present in shallower, Holocene aquifers. The interpolated As concentration map was obtained by ordinary kriging. Contour lines of piezometric heads (recorded in Dec. 2006) depict the pronounced drawdown of Pleistocene groundwater levels (down to −34 m), caused by extensive groundwater pumping by the Hanoi Water Works.
For details see Winkel et al., PNAS, 108, January 2011 [...]
