Climate change and chemical pollution are among the primary drivers of biodiversity loss in freshwater ecosystems. However, the combined effects of these stressors at the landscape scale, and their impact across various levels of biological organization, are still not fully understood. In this presentation, I will illustrate how environmental modeling techniques, alongside experimental research—including microcosm and mesocosm studies—can help address key questions regarding the interaction between these two stressor groups. Specifically, I will examine the implications of future climate change scenarios on chemical exposure and risks in Mediterranean wetland ecosystems. I will also explore how extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, influence the sensitivity and resilience of aquatic populations and communities to chemical stress. Furthermore, I will provide insights into how climate change may reshape aquatic habitats and species assemblages, thereby altering the resilience of freshwater ecosystems to future contaminant exposures.