Societal Decision Making

Shaping a sustainable future

Environmental decision-making often involves a clash of interests, needs and goals. Eawag develops concepts for optimising decision-making processes. It also investigates how the transformation towards a sustainable society can be successful and what role research can play in societal decision-making.

Finding sustainable compromises when it comes to water

The demand for water is increasing. But the interests are very different. While some want clean drinking water, others use bodies of water for energy generation and food production. Lakes and rivers also serve as habitats for plants and animals and as recreational areas for people. Water in combination with plants is also gaining importance in residential areas to mitigate the overheating of cities as a result of climate change. This is often referred to as blue-green infrastructure. The sustainable use of water and bodies of water therefore often requires complex decision-making processes and compromises in order to manage water and bodies of water sustainably. In its research projects, Eawag is investigating how this dialogue can be successfully shaped.

Understanding people and their networks

In order to successfully address major global challenges such as climate change or pesticide exposure, it is important to understand how people make decisions and how the different stakeholders interact. What motivates people to rethink and adapt their behaviours? And what prevents people from changing? How do the different interest groups work together: The population, politics, administration, business, associations or NGOs? What status does the environment have in social networks? And what role can and should science play in these networks?

Social transformation towards sustainable development

Many areas of society are facing a transformation today. Examples are energy supply or water supply and processing. A profound transformation is necessary to achieve sustainable use and reuse of natural resources. At the same time, the United Nations has adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to promote peace and prosperity worldwide, including Goal 6: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all". Eawag researchers from engineering, social and environmental sciences are analysing how the transformation to greater sustainability can succeed and how the SDGs can be achieved in inter- and transdisciplinary projects.

Network

We work together with a wide variety of partners.

The network connects actors in Swiss water management and provides structures for cross-disciplinary dialogue (in German).

Wasser-Agenda 21

The Swiss Water Association is an enforcement partner for the federal government, cantons and municipalities and is committed to clean and living bodies of water in Switzerland (in German).

VSA

The Sustainable Development Solutions Network unites science, business, civil society, politics and administration to advance the implementation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

SDSN Switzerland

The SDC Water Network promotes knowledge management within the water sector worldwide.

Réseau Water

Experts

Dr. Christian Binz
  • decentralized systems
  • innovation
  • global change
  • sustainable transitions
  • urban water management
Dr. Nadja Contzen
  • environmental psychology
  • transdisciplinary research
  • behaviour change
  • health psychology
  • public acceptability
Dr. Lauren Cook
  • planning of infrastructure
  • climate change
  • modeling
  • sustainable water management
  • urban water management
Dr. Manuel Fischer
  • environmental policy
Dr. Sabine Hoffmann
  • sustainable water management
  • stakeholder participation
  • science-policy interface
  • transdisciplinary research
Prof. Dr. Karin Ingold
  • science-policy interface
  • environmental policy
PD Dr. Judit Lienert
  • decision analysis
  • public acceptability
  • sustainable water management
  • stakeholder participation
  • transdisciplinary research
Dr. Ivana Logar
  • sustainable water management
  • Ecosystem services
  • environmental economics
Prof. Dr. Max Maurer
  • wastewater
  • decentralized technologies
  • sustainable water management
  • urban sanitation
  • urban water management
  • urine separation
Prof. Dr. Eberhard Morgenroth
  • wastewater
  • decentralized technologies
  • nutrients
  • urban water management
  • urban planning
  • urine separation
Dr. Marc Müller
  • data science
  • developing countries
  • earth observation
  • sustainable development
  • science-policy interface
Dr. Nele Schuwirth
  • aquatic ecology
  • decision analysis
  • modeling
  • multiple stressors
  • transdisciplinary research
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Truffer
  • wastewater
  • decentralized technologies
  • transdisciplinary research
  • hydropower

Scientific publications

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      originalId => protected34726 (integer)
      authors => protected'Miorner, J.; Schelbert, V.; Binz, C.' (51 chars)
      title => protected'How transformative innovations travel: tracing the diffusion of circular dis
         trict-scale sanitation systems in Europe
' (116 chars) journal => protected'Economic Geography' (18 chars) year => protected2025 (integer) volume => protected101 (integer) issue => protected'2-3' (3 chars) startpage => protected'93' (2 chars) otherpage => protected'121' (3 chars) categories => protected'circular district-scale sanitation systems; configurational template; diffus
         ion; geography of transitions; transformative innovation; transitions
' (145 chars) description => protected'Current models for understanding the spatial diffusion of innovation exhibit
          significant limitations when it comes to explaining how transformative inno
         vations in sectors of the foundational economy travel between cities and cou
         ntries. Transformative innovations in infrastructure sectors like water, ene
         rgy, or waste management are typically not reducible to single products or t
         echnologies but rely on a set of complementary organizational, social, polic
         y, and demand-side innovations. Their spatial diffusion thus requires nonlin
         ear socially embedded institutionalization processes that include regulative
         , political, and cultural changes, extending well beyond the knowledge- and
         market formation dynamics emphasized in conventional diffusion models. This
         article develops a conceptual model that specifies the socio-technical conte
         xtualization and de-contextualization processes that take place every time a
         n innovative infrastructure innovation travels between places. It disentangl
         es the spatial complexities involved in the packaging of social and technica
         l elements into coherent configurational templates that enable the spatial d
         iffusion of transformative innovations. We apply our framework to a case stu
         dy of the diffusion of circular district-scale sanitation systems (CDSS) in
         Europe, drawing on fifty-four expert interviews and an extensive database of
          secondary material. Our findings show how a template for CDSS was continuou
         sly optimized and standardized through spatially scattered experiments, pilo
         t and demonstration projects, and high-profile lighthouse initiatives spread
          across Europe. Based on our findings, we elaborate a three-stage phase mode
         l for the institutionalization of configurational templates. The model provi
         des inroads for assessing diffusion challenges in other sectors where transf
         ormative innovation is intimately coupled with socio-technical reconfigurati
         on.
' (1903 chars) serialnumber => protected'0013-0095' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1080/00130095.2025.2489965' (29 chars) uid => protected34726 (integer) _localizedUid => protected34726 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected34726 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
1 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=34705, pid=124) originalId => protected34705 (integer) authors => protected'Cristofari, H.; Asse, D.; Chanteloup, L.; Guisan, A.; Ot
         ero, I.; Reynard, E.; Urbach, D.; Randin, C.
' (140 chars) title => protected'A model of mountain social-ecological systems to catalyze multi-actor collab
         orations toward sustainability
' (106 chars) journal => protected'Earth's Future' (14 chars) year => protected2025 (integer) volume => protected13 (integer) issue => protected'4' (1 chars) startpage => protected'e2024EF004818 (18 pp.)' (22 chars) otherpage => protected'' (0 chars) categories => protected'co-production; interdisciplinarity; mountains; social-ecological systems; tr
         ansdisciplinarity
' (93 chars) description => protected'Addressing sustainability challenges in mountain regions where human activit
         ies strongly overlap requires multi-actor collaboration and interdisciplinar
         y methods. Yet, such collaborative processes need to account for the existen
         ce of diverse representations of mountain social-ecological systems amongst
         actors. Here we first explore and describe diverse representations of mounta
         in social-ecological systems using picture-based interviews with local actor
         s. We then develop a conceptual model of such systems that can help actors a
         cknowledge and share their representations. This model integrates the human
         and natural components of mountain social-ecological systems as well as thei
         r interactions. To further support reflexivity, it also specifies an individ
         ual's personal stance with respect to the system.
' (809 chars) serialnumber => protected'2328-4277' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1029/2024EF004818' (20 chars) uid => protected34705 (integer) _localizedUid => protected34705 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected34705 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
2 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=35256, pid=124) originalId => protected35256 (integer) authors => protected'Palomo-Vélez, G.; Perlaviciute, G.; Contzen, N.; Steg, 
         L.
' (78 chars) title => protected'How company history and hydrogen type shape public trust and acceptability:
         a reputation management perspective
' (111 chars) journal => protected'Energy Research and Social Science' (34 chars) year => protected2025 (integer) volume => protected127 (integer) issue => protected'' (0 chars) startpage => protected'104279 (12 pp.)' (15 chars) otherpage => protected'' (0 chars) categories => protected'trust; reputation management; public acceptability; hydrogen; energy company' (76 chars) description => protected'Hydrogen is gaining interest as a clean energy source from both governments
         and fossil fuel companies. For hydrogen projects to succeed, securing public
          acceptability is crucial, with trust in the implementing actors playing a c
         entral role. Drawing from reputation management and attribution theory, we e
         xperimentally evaluated whether people's perceptions of energy companies wan
         ting to start producing hydrogen for sustainability reasons differ based on
         two features of hydrogen production. Specifically, we examined the influence
          of (1) the type of hydrogen (blue versus green) and (2) the energy company'
         s history in energy production (fossil fuels versus renewables) on perceptio
         ns about the companies' reputation management efforts —that is, the belief
          that companies adopt hydrogen primarily to improve their public image— as
          well as on levels of trust, both overall and specifically in terms of integ
         rity and competence. We further explored whether perceived reputation manage
         ment explains the effects on trust, and whether these factors also shape pub
         lic acceptability of hydrogen production itself. Results indicated that peop
         le perceived the company with a history of working with fossil fuels as tryi
         ng to improve its reputation more than one associated with renewables, and t
         rusted it less. Furthermore, perceived reputation management explained the l
         ower (general and integrity-based) trust people had in companies with a past
          in fossil fuels. For public acceptability of hydrogen, the company's histor
         y was not relevant, with green hydrogen being more acceptable than blue, reg
         ardless of which company produced it. We discuss these findings in relation
         to the literature on public perceptions of hydrogen.
' (1724 chars) serialnumber => protected'2214-6296' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1016/j.erss.2025.104279' (26 chars) uid => protected35256 (integer) _localizedUid => protected35256 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected35256 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
Miorner, J.; Schelbert, V.; Binz, C. (2025) How transformative innovations travel: tracing the diffusion of circular district-scale sanitation systems in Europe, Economic Geography, 101(2-3), 93-121, doi:10.1080/00130095.2025.2489965, Institutional Repository
Cristofari, H.; Asse, D.; Chanteloup, L.; Guisan, A.; Otero, I.; Reynard, E.; Urbach, D.; Randin, C. (2025) A model of mountain social-ecological systems to catalyze multi-actor collaborations toward sustainability, Earth's Future, 13(4), e2024EF004818 (18 pp.), doi:10.1029/2024EF004818, Institutional Repository
Palomo-Vélez, G.; Perlaviciute, G.; Contzen, N.; Steg, L. (2025) How company history and hydrogen type shape public trust and acceptability: a reputation management perspective, Energy Research and Social Science, 127, 104279 (12 pp.), doi:10.1016/j.erss.2025.104279, Institutional Repository

Cover picture: Climate demo on the Bundesplatz square in Bern, 2019 (Photo: Wikimedia)