NAWA SPEZ

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   0 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=7654, pid=124)
      originalId => protected7654 (integer)
      authors => protected'Moschet, C.; Wittmer, I.; Simovic, J.; Junghans, M.; Pia
         zzoli, A.; Singer, H.; Stamm, C.; Leu, C.; Hollender,&nb
         sp;J.' (157 chars)
      title => protected'How a complete pesticide screening changes the assessment of surface water q
         uality' (82 chars)
      journal => protected'Environmental Science and Technology' (36 chars)
      year => protected2014 (integer)
      volume => protected48 (integer)
      issue => protected'10' (2 chars)
      startpage => protected'5423' (4 chars)
      otherpage => protected'5432' (4 chars)
      categories => protected'' (0 chars)
      description => protected'A comprehensive assessment of pesticides in surface waters is challenging du
         e to the large number of potential contaminants. Most scientific studies and
          routine monitoring programs include only 15–40 pesticides, which leads to
          error-prone interpretations. In the present study, an extensive analytical 
         screening was carried out using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass
          spectrometry, covering 86% of all polar organic pesticides sold in Switzerl
         and and applied to agricultural or urban land (in total 249 compounds), plus
          134 transformation products; each of which could be quantified in the low n
         g/L range. Five medium-sized rivers, containing large areas of diverse crops
          and urban settlements within the respective catchments, were sampled betwee
         n March and July 2012. More than 100 parent compounds and 40 transformation 
         products were detected in total, between 30 and 50 parent compounds in each 
         two-week composite sample in concentrations up to 1500 ng/L. The sum of pest
         icide concentrations was above 1000 ng/L in 78% of samples. The chronic envi
         ronmental quality standard was exceeded for 19 single substances; using a mi
         xture toxicity approach, exceedances occurred over the whole measurement per
         iod in all rivers. With scenario calculations including only 30–40 frequen
         tly measured pesticides, the number of detected substances and the mixture t
         oxicity would be underestimated on average by a factor of 2. Thus, selecting
          a subset of substances to assess the surface water quality may be sufficien
         t, but a comprehensive screening yields substantially more confidence.' (1590 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'0013-936X' (9 chars)
      doi => protected'10.1021/es500371t' (17 chars)
      uid => protected7654 (integer)
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      pid => protected124 (integer)
   1 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=7767, pid=124)
      originalId => protected7767 (integer)
      authors => protected'Moschet, C.; Vermeirssen, E. L. M.; Seiz, R.; Pfeff
         erli, H.; Hollender, J.' (109 chars)
      title => protected'Picogram per liter detections of pyrethroids and organophosphates in surface
          waters using passive sampling' (106 chars)
      journal => protected'Water Research' (14 chars)
      year => protected2014 (integer)
      volume => protected66 (integer)
      issue => protected'' (0 chars)
      startpage => protected'411' (3 chars)
      otherpage => protected'422' (3 chars)
      categories => protected'insecticides; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; silicone rubber; analyti
         cs; surface water; monitoring' (105 chars)
      description => protected'Pyrethroids and organophosphates are among the most toxic insecticides for a
         quatic organisms, leading to annual-average environmental quality standards 
         (AA-EQS) in the picogram per liter range in surface waters. For monitoring p
         urposes, it is therefore crucial to develop very sensitive analytical method
         s. Until now, it is very difficult to reach detection limits at or below giv
         en AA-EQSs. Here, we present a passive sampling method using silicone rubber
          (SR) sheets for the sampling of ten pyrethroids and two organophosphates in
          surface waters. An analytical method was developed, optimized and validated
          for the extraction of the insecticides from the SR sheets by accelerated so
         lvent extraction followed by clean-up on C18 and silica gel and detection wi
         th GC–MS/MS in positive ionization mode. Good precision (<20%) and absolut
         e recovery (>50%) was observed for all substances, accuracy was between 66% 
         and 139%. Limits of detection between 6 and 200 pg/L were achieved for all 
         substances in surface waters using average sampling rates for PCBs and PAHs.
          The lack of substance-specific sampling rates and missing performance refer
         ence compounds led to an uncertainty in the concentration estimation of fact
         or three in both directions. In a large field study, comprising 40 environme
         ntal samples from nine Swiss rivers, eight out of 12 substances were detecte
         d (most frequently: chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin). Most of the estimated organ
         ophosphate concentrations were between 0.1 and 1 ng/L, most pyrethroid dete
         ctions below 0.1 ng/L. Four substances (chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, 
         deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) showed exceedances of their respective 
         AA-EQS in multiple samples, also when the uncertainties in the concentration
          estimation were considered. As pyrethroid and organophosphate detection by 
         SR passive sampling is very practicable and allows sensitive analysis, it ha
         s the potential to become a new tool in the monitoring of non-polar pesticid
         es.' (1979 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'0043-1354' (9 chars)
      doi => protected'10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.032' (28 chars)
      uid => protected7767 (integer)
      _localizedUid => protected7767 (integer)modified
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      _versionedUid => protected7767 (integer)modified
      pid => protected124 (integer)
   2 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=7592, pid=124)
      originalId => protected7592 (integer)
      authors => protected'Wittmer,&nbsp;I.; Moschet,&nbsp;C.; Simovic,&nbsp;J.; Singer,&nbsp;H.; Stamm
         ,&nbsp;C.; Hollender,&nbsp;J.; Junghans,&nbsp;M.; Leu,&nbsp;C.' (138 chars)
      title => protected'Über 100 Pestizide in Fliessgewässern. Programm NAWA Spez zeigt die hohe P
         estizidbelastung der Schweizer Fliessgewässer auf' (126 chars)
      journal => protected'Aqua & Gas' (10 chars)
      year => protected2014 (integer)
      volume => protected94 (integer)
      issue => protected'3' (1 chars)
      startpage => protected'32' (2 chars)
      otherpage => protected'43' (2 chars)
      categories => protected'' (0 chars)
      description => protected'Fünf mittelgrosse Fliessgewasser wurden in Zusammenarbeit zwischen Eawag, B
         AFU und fünf Kantonen (AG, SO, TG, VD, ZH) auf möglichst alle polaren orga
         nisch-synthetischen Pflanzenschutzmittel und Biozide (ca. 300 Wirkstoffe) un
         tersucht. lnsgesamt konnten 104 verschiedene Pestizide, hauptsachlich Pflanz
         enschutzmittel, nachgewiesen werden. Die Konzentrationssumme war in 78% der 
         Proben grosser als 1000 ng/l. Die numerische Anforderung der Gewässerschutz
         verordnung und ökotoxikologische Qualitatskriterien wurden von 31 bzw. 19 P
         estiziden überschritten.' (557 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'2235-5197' (9 chars)
      doi => protected'' (0 chars)
      uid => protected7592 (integer)
      _localizedUid => protected7592 (integer)modified
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      _versionedUid => protected7592 (integer)modified
      pid => protected124 (integer)
   3 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=14792, pid=124)
      originalId => protected14792 (integer)
      authors => protected'Wittmer,&nbsp;I.; Stamm,&nbsp;C.; Singer,&nbsp;H.; Junghans,&nbsp;M.' (68 chars)
      title => protected'Beurteilungskonzept für organische Spurenstoffe aus diffusen Einträgen. Mi
         kroverunreinigungen' (95 chars)
      journal => protected'' (0 chars)
      year => protected2014 (integer)
      volume => protected0 (integer)
      issue => protected'' (0 chars)
      startpage => protected'105&nbsp;p' (10 chars)
      otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
      categories => protected'' (0 chars)
      description => protected'Diffuse Einträge von Mikroverunreinigungen führen vor allem in kleinen, ab
         er auch in mittleren und zum Teil sogar in grossen Fliessgewässern zu Spitz
         enkonzentrationen, die teilweise massiv über den gesetzlichen Anforderungen
          und auch über ökotoxikologischen Qualitätskriterien liegen. Der hier vor
         liegende Bericht hat zum Ziel, praxistaugliche Empfehlungen für die Beurtei
         lung des Zustandes eines Fliessgewässers in Bezug auf die Belastung durch d
         iffuse Einträge von Mikroverunreinigungen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Der Be
         richt ist folgendermassen gegliedert:<br />1. Einleitung sowie Zielsetzung u
         nd rechtliche Grundlagen zur Beurteilung von diffusen Einträgen von Mikrove
         runreinigungen in Oberflächengewässern.<br />2. Hintergrundinformationen u
         nd bestehendes Fachwissen zu diffusen Einträgen von Mikroverunreinigungen.<
         br />3. Konzept zur Auswahl von Stoffen, sowie ein Vorschlag von 48 organisc
         hen, schweizspezifischen Mikroverunreinigungen aus diffusen Einträgen.<br /
         >4. Konzept zur Erhebung von diffusen Einträgen (Standortauswahl und Proben
         ahmekonzept).<br />5. Konzept zur Beurteilung der erhobenen Messresultate mi
         t ökotoxikologischen Qualitätskriterien. [...]' (1188 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
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      uid => protected14792 (integer)
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