array(2 items)
   publications => '25552' (5 chars)
   libraryUrl => '' (0 chars)

array(1 item)
   0 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=25552, pid=124)
      originalId => protected25552 (integer)
      authors => protected'Podgorski, J.; Berg, M.' (33 chars)
      title => protected'Global analysis and prediction of fluoride in groundwater' (57 chars)
      journal => protected'Nature Communications' (21 chars)
      year => protected2022 (integer)
      volume => protected13 (integer)
      issue => protected'1' (1 chars)
      startpage => protected'4232 (9 pp.)' (12 chars)
      otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
      categories => protected'' (0 chars)
      description => protected'The health of millions of people worldwide is negatively impacted by chronic
          exposure to elevated concentrations of geogenic fluoride in groundwater. Du
         e to health effects including dental mottling and skeletal fluorosis, the Wo
         rld Health Organization maintains a maximum guideline of 1.5 mg/L in drink
         ing water. As groundwater quality is not regularly tested in many areas, it 
         is often unknown if the water in a given well or spring contains harmful lev
         els of fluoride. Here we present a state-of-the-art global fluoride hazard m
         ap based on machine learning and over 400,000 fluoride measurements (10% of 
         which >1.5 mg/L), which is then used to estimate the human population a
         t risk. Hotspots indicated by the groundwater fluoride hazard map include pa
         rts of central Australia, western North America, eastern Brazil and many are
         as of Africa and Asia. Of the approximately 180 million people potentially a
         ffected worldwide, most reside in Asia (51–59% of total) and Africa (37-46
         % of total), with the latter representing 6.5% of the continent’s populati
         on. Africa also contains 14 of the top 20 affected countries in terms of pop
         ulation at risk. We also illuminate and discuss the key globally relevant hy
         drochemical and environmental factors related to fluoride accumulation.' (1287 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars)
      doi => protected'10.1038/s41467-022-31940-x' (26 chars)
      uid => protected25552 (integer)
      _localizedUid => protected25552 (integer)modified
      _languageUid => protectedNULL
      _versionedUid => protected25552 (integer)modified
      pid => protected124 (integer)

array(2 items)
   publications => '24949,24363' (11 chars)
   libraryUrl => '' (0 chars)

array(2 items)
   0 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=24949, pid=124)
      originalId => protected24949 (integer)
      authors => protected'Ling, Y.; Podgorski, J.; Sadiq, M.; Rasheed, H.; Eqani,&
         nbsp;S. A. M. A. S.; Berg, M.' (130 chars)
      title => protected'Monitoring and prediction of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater in 
         Pakistan' (84 chars)
      journal => protected'Science of the Total Environment' (32 chars)
      year => protected2022 (integer)
      volume => protected839 (integer)
      issue => protected'' (0 chars)
      startpage => protected'156058 (9 pp.)' (14 chars)
      otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
      categories => protected'aquifers; geogenic groundwater pollution; drinking water quality; human heal
         th threat; fluorosis; random forest modeling' (120 chars)
      description => protected'Concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride in groundwater exceeding the 
         WHO guideline of 1.5 mg/L have been detected in many parts of Pakistan. This
          may lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis and thereby poses a potential thre
         at to public health. Utilizing a total of 5483 fluoride concentrations, comp
         rising 2160 new measurements as well as those from other sources, we have ap
         plied machine learning techniques to predict the probability of fluoride in 
         groundwater in Pakistan exceeding 1.5 mg/L at a 250 m spatial resolution. Cl
         imate, soil, lithology, topography, and land cover parameters were identifie
         d as effective predictors of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater. Ex
         cellent model performance was observed in a random forest model that achieve
         d an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.92 on test data that were not used in m
         odeling. The highest probabilities of high fluoride concentrations in ground
         water are predicted in the Thar Desert, Sargodha Division, and scattered alo
         ng the Sulaiman Mountains. Applying the model predictions to the population 
         density and accounting for groundwater usage in both rural and urban areas, 
         we estimate that about 13 million people may be at risk of fluorosis due to 
         consuming groundwater with fluoride concentrations >1.5 mg/L in Pakistan,
          which corresponds to ~6% of the total population. Both the fluoride predict
         ion map and the health risk map can be used as important decision-making too
         ls for authorities and water resource managers in the identification and mit
         igation of groundwater fluoride contamination.' (1566 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'0048-9697' (9 chars)
      doi => protected'10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156058' (31 chars)
      uid => protected24949 (integer)
      _localizedUid => protected24949 (integer)modified
      _languageUid => protectedNULL
      _versionedUid => protected24949 (integer)modified
      pid => protected124 (integer)
   1 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=24363, pid=124)
      originalId => protected24363 (integer)
      authors => protected'Araya, D.; Podgorski, J.; Kumi, M.; Mainoo, P. A.; 
         Berg, M.' (89 chars)
      title => protected'Fluoride contamination of groundwater resources in Ghana: country-wide hazar
         d modeling and estimated population at risk' (119 chars)
      journal => protected'Water Research' (14 chars)
      year => protected2022 (integer)
      volume => protected212 (integer)
      issue => protected'' (0 chars)
      startpage => protected'118083 (10 pp.)' (15 chars)
      otherpage => protected'' (0 chars)
      categories => protected'Africa; drinking water resources; human health; fluorosis; random forest mod
         eling; groundwater pollution; geogenic contamination' (128 chars)
      description => protected'Most people in Ghana have no or only basic access to safely managed water. E
         specially in rural areas, much of the population relies on groundwater for d
         rinking, which can be contaminated with fluoride and lead to dental fluorosi
         s. Children under the age of two are particularly susceptible to the adverse
          effects of fluoride and can retain 80-90% of a fluoride dose, compared to 6
         0% in adults. Despite numerous local studies, no spatially continuous pictur
         e exists of the fluoride contamination across Ghana, nor is there any estima
         te of what proportion of the population is potentially exposed to unsafe flu
         oride levels. Here, we spatially model the probability of fluoride concentra
         tions exceeding 1.0 mg/L in groundwater across Ghana to identify risk areas
          and estimate the number of children and adults exposed to unsafe fluoride l
         evels in drinking water. We use a set of geospatial predictor variables with
          random forest modeling and evaluate the model performance through spatial c
         ross-validation. We found that approximately 15% of the area of Ghana, mainl
         y in the northeast, has a high probability of fluoride contamination. The to
         tal at-risk population is about 920,000 persons, or 3% of the population, wi
         th an estimated 240,000 children (0-9 years) in at-risk areas. In some distr
         icts, such as Karaga, Gushiegu, Tamale and Mion, 4 out of 10 children are po
         tentially exposed to fluoride poisoning. Geology and high evapotranspiration
          are the main drivers of fluoride enrichment in groundwater. Consequently, c
         limate change might put even greater pressure on the area's water resources.
          Our hazard maps should raise awareness and understanding of geogenic fluori
         de contamination in Ghana and can advise decision making at local levels to 
         avoid or mitigate fluoride-related risks.' (1789 chars)
      serialnumber => protected'0043-1354' (9 chars)
      doi => protected'10.1016/j.watres.2022.118083' (28 chars)
      uid => protected24363 (integer)
      _localizedUid => protected24363 (integer)modified
      _languageUid => protectedNULL
      _versionedUid => protected24363 (integer)modified
      pid => protected124 (integer)