Abteilung Umwelttoxikologie

Biomonitoring


Für die Identifizierung und Überwachung von Chemikalieneffekten auf Organismen in der Umwelt gibt es verschiedene Ansätze

  • Zum einen können in vitro Tests eingesetzt werden, die die Präsenz, bzw. Wirkung einer bestimmten Umweltchemikalie anzeigen. Dies wird oft mit effekt-gesteuerter Analyse (EDA) für die Identifikation von Unbekannten gekoppelt.
  • Zum anderen kann auch ein Biomarkerset von spezifischen Genen auf der messenger RNA (mRNA) oder Protein Ebene in Zelllinien oder z.B. Fischen analysiert werden, welche verschiedene zelluläre Stressantworten reflektieren.

EDA haben wir im EU Projekt EDA-EMERGE ausführlich eingesetzt, um Chemikalien, welche wie das Stresshormon Cortisol wirken, zu identifizieren. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem ÖkotoxZentrum und aQua Tox-Solutions haben wir zudem im Rahmen des EcoImpact Projektes ein Biomarkergenset in Bachforellen eingesetzt, um Reaktionen im Fisch oberhalb und unterhalb, sowie vor und nach der Aufrüstung von Kläranlagen im Hinblick auf Chemikalienelimination zu identifizieren.

Publikationen

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   0 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=16830, pid=124)
      originalId => protected16830 (integer)
      authors => protected'Sonavane, M.; Schollée, J. E.; Hidasi, A. O.; Creu
         sot, N.; Brion, F.; Suter, M. J. -F.; Hollender,&nb
         sp;J.; Aït-Aïssa, S.
' (179 chars) title => protected'An integrative approach combining passive sampling, bioassays and effect-dir
         ected analysis to assess the impact of wastewater effluent
' (134 chars) journal => protected'Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry' (38 chars) year => protected2018 (integer) volume => protected37 (integer) issue => protected'8' (1 chars) startpage => protected'2079' (4 chars) otherpage => protected'2088' (4 chars) categories => protected'WWTP effluent; passive sampling; endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); embr
         yo toxicity; effect-directed analysis (EDA); LC-MS/MS analysis
' (138 chars) description => protected'Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are major sources of endocrine d
         isrupting chemicals (EDCs) and of other chemicals of toxicological concern f
         or the aquatic environment. In this study, we used an integrated strategy co
         mbining passive sampling (Chemcatcher<sup>®</sup>), developmental toxicity
         and mechanism‐based in vitro and in vivo bioassays to monitor the impacts
         of a WWTP on a river. In vitro screening revealed the WWTP effluent as a sou
         rce of estrogen (ER), glucocorticoid (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor m
         ediated activities, impacting the downstream river site where significant ac
         tivities were also measured, albeit to a lesser extent than in the effluent.
          Effect‐directed analysis (EDA) of the effluent successfully identified th
         e presence of potent estrogens (estrone, 17α‐ethinylestradiol and 17β‐
         estradiol) and glucocorticoids (clobetasol propionate and fluticasone propio
         nate) as the major contributors to the observed in vitro activities, even th
         ough other unidentified active chemicals were likely present. The impact of
         the WWTP was also assessed using zebrafish embryo assays, highlighting its a
         bility to induce estrogenic response through up‐regulation of aromatase pr
         omoter‐dependent reporter gene in the transgenic (cyp19a1b–GFP) zebrafis
         h assay and to generate teratogenic effects at non‐lethal concentrations i
         n the zebrafish embryo toxicity test. This study argues for the use of such
         an integrated approach, combining passive sampling, bioassays and EDA, to co
         mprehensively identify endocrine active compounds and associated hazards of
         WTTP effluents.
' (1611 chars) serialnumber => protected'0730-7268' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1002/etc.4155' (16 chars) uid => protected16830 (integer) _localizedUid => protected16830 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected16830 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
1 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=16097, pid=124) originalId => protected16097 (integer) authors => protected'Fischer,&nbsp;S.; Fischer,&nbsp;M.; Schirmer,&nbsp;K.; Werner,&nbsp;I.' (70 chars) title => protected'Wirkungsorientierte Gewässerüberwachung: Biomonitoring mit Forellen. Studi
         e im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Umwelt (BAFU). Abschlussbericht 2017
' (146 chars) journal => protected'' (0 chars) year => protected2017 (integer) volume => protected0 (integer) issue => protected'' (0 chars) startpage => protected'' (0 chars) otherpage => protected'' (0 chars) categories => protected'' (0 chars) description => protected'Die Identifizierung und Überwachung von Chemikalieneffekten auf Organismen
         in der Umwelt beruht auf einem breiten Spektrum von Herangehensweisen und Me
         sspunkten. Allerdings wurden bisher viele der existierenden Untersuchungsmet
         hoden lediglich für wenige Modellorganismen entwickelt. Die Berücksichtigu
         ng der Artenvielfalt und der Vielfalt an Reaktionen auf Umweltstressoren ist
          daher nach wie vor eine grosse Herausforderung. Die Analyse von messengerRN
         A (mRNA), welche für ausgewählte Biomarkermoleküle kodieren, ist dagegen
         ein vielversprechender Ansatz, da er auf ein weites Spektrum an Organismen u
         nd biologische Antworten übertragbar ist.<br /> In diesem Projekt sollten d
         ie Einflüsse von Mikroschadstoffeintrag von Abwässern auf Flussökosysteme
          untersucht werden. Es wurde ein Biomarker-Genset für die Bachforelle (<em>
         Salmo trutta</em>) und die Regenbogenforelle (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>)
         etabliert, um die Wirkung von Mikroschadstoffen, wie Pharmaka und Pestizide,
          im Fisch nachweisen zu können. Ein typisches Biomarker-Set besteht aus 20-
         25 spezifischen Genen, welche verschiedene zelluläre Stressantworten, wie a
         llgemeinen Stress, Metall- und oxidativen Stress, Biotransformation, Immunre
         gulation usw. reflektieren. Die Regulation dieser Gene wurde in Leber und Ni
         erengewebe in Bachforellen analysiert, welche ober- und unterströmig von vi
         er verschieden Abwasserreinigungsanlagen (ARA) gefangen wurden. Zwei Standor
         te wurden doppelt untersucht: Herisau (Appenzell) vor und nach der Aufschalt
         ung der Pulveraktivkohle (PAK)- Abwasserreinigungs-einheit und Steinach (St.
          Gallen) vor und nach dem Stopp der Abwassereinleitung. An diesen Standorten
          sollte überprüft werden ob mit dieser Methode Veränderungen der Wasserqu
         alität und der Effekte auf die Fische erfasst werden können. Die Daten zei
         gen, dass die mRNA Regulation standortspezifisch ist. Fische, welche Unterha
         lb der Kläranalagen gefangen wurden, zeigen eine erhöhte Stressantwort an.
          Zudem konnten wir aufgr...
' (5390 chars) serialnumber => protected'' (0 chars) doi => protected'' (0 chars) uid => protected16097 (integer) _localizedUid => protected16097 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected16097 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
2 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=14133, pid=124) originalId => protected14133 (integer) authors => protected'Schulze,&nbsp;T.; Ahel,&nbsp;M.; Ahlheim,&nbsp;J.; Aït-Aïssa,&nbsp;S.; Bri
         on,&nbsp;F.; Di Paolo,&nbsp;C.; Froment,&nbsp;J.; Hidasi,&nbsp;A.&nbsp;O.; H
         ollender,&nbsp;J.; Hollert,&nbsp;H.; Hu,&nbsp;M.; Kloß,&nbsp;A.; Koprivica,
         &nbsp;S.; Krauss,&nbsp;M.; Muz,&nbsp;M.; Oswald,&nbsp;P.; Petre,&nbsp;M.; Sc
         hollée,&nbsp;J.&nbsp;E.; Seiler,&nbsp;T.-B.; Shao,&nbsp;Y.; Slobodnik,&nbsp
         ;J.; Sonavane,&nbsp;M.; Suter,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;-F.; Tollefsen,&nbsp;K.&
         nbsp;E.; Tousova,&nbsp;Z.; Walz,&nbsp;K.-H.; Brack,&nbsp;W.
' (515 chars) title => protected'Assessment of a novel device for onsite integrative large-volume solid phase
          extraction of water samples to enable a comprehensive chemical and effect-b
         ased analysis
' (165 chars) journal => protected'Science of the Total Environment' (32 chars) year => protected2017 (integer) volume => protected581 (integer) issue => protected'' (0 chars) startpage => protected'350' (3 chars) otherpage => protected'358' (3 chars) categories => protected'automated water sampler; chemical analysis; bioassay analysis; effect-based
         analysis; applicability domain; large-volume solid phase extraction; LVSPE
' (150 chars) description => protected'The implementation of targeted and nontargeted chemical screening analysis i
         n combination with in vitro and organism-level bioassays is a prerequisite f
         or a more holistic monitoring of water quality in the future. For chemical a
         nalysis, little or no sample enrichment is often sufficient, while bioanalys
         is often requires larger sample volumes at a certain enrichment factor for c
         onducting comprehensive bioassays on different endpoints or further effect-d
         irected analysis (EDA). To avoid logistic and technical issues related to th
         e storage and transport of large volumes of water, sampling would benefit gr
         eatly from onsite extraction. This study presents a novel onsite large volum
         e solid phase extraction (LVSPE) device tailored to fulfill the requirements
          for the successful effect-based and chemical screening of water resources a
         nd complies with available international standards for automated sampling de
         vices. Laboratory recovery experiments using 251 organic compounds in the lo
         g D range from−3.6 to 9.4 (at pH 7.0) spiked into pristine water resulted
         in acceptable recoveries and from 60 to 123% for 159 out of 251 substances.
         Within a European-wide demonstration program, the LVSPE was able to enrich c
         ompounds in concentration ranges over three orders of magnitude (1 ng L<SUP>
         −1</SUP> to 2400 ng L<SUP>−1</SUP>). It was possible to discriminate res
         ponsive samples from samples with no or only low effects in a set of six dif
         ferent bioassays (i.e. acetylcholinesterase and algal growth inhibition, and
         rogenicity, estrogenicity, fish embryo toxicity, glucocorticoid activity). T
         he LVSPE thus proved applicable for onsite extraction of sufficient amounts
         of water to investigate water quality thoroughly by means of chemical analys
         is and effect-based tools without the common limitations due to small sample
          volumes.
' (1833 chars) serialnumber => protected'0048-9697' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.140' (31 chars) uid => protected14133 (integer) _localizedUid => protected14133 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected14133 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
3 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=14404, pid=124) originalId => protected14404 (integer) authors => protected'Stamm,&nbsp;C.; Burdon,&nbsp;F.; Fischer,&nbsp;S.; Kienle,&nbsp;C.; Munz,&nb
         sp;N.; Tlili,&nbsp;A.; Altermatt,&nbsp;F.; Behra,&nbsp;R.; Bürgmann,&nbsp;H
         .; Joss,&nbsp;A.; Räsänen,&nbsp;K.; Eggen,&nbsp;R.
' (204 chars) title => protected'Einfluss von Mikroverunreinigungen' (34 chars) journal => protected'Aqua & Gas' (10 chars) year => protected2017 (integer) volume => protected97 (integer) issue => protected'6' (1 chars) startpage => protected'90' (2 chars) otherpage => protected'95' (2 chars) categories => protected'' (0 chars) description => protected'Im Projekt EcoImpact wurden die ökotoxikologischen und ökologischen Effekt
         e von Mikroverunreinigungen aus Kläranlagen auf aquatische Lebensgemeinscha
         ften untersucht. Chemische und biologische Untersuchungen oberhalb und unter
         halb von Kläranlagen deuten auf Effekte dieser Stoffe hin, die von physiolo
         gischen Antworten der Organismen bis hin zu veränderten Ökosystemfunktione
         n wie z. B. dem Laubabbau reichen. Gezielte Rinnenexperimente mit kontrollie
         rter Wasserqualität unterstützen diese Befunde.
' (505 chars) serialnumber => protected'2235-5197' (9 chars) doi => protected'' (0 chars) uid => protected14404 (integer) _localizedUid => protected14404 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected14404 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
4 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=10626, pid=124) originalId => protected10626 (integer) authors => protected'Kopecka-Pilarczyk,&nbsp;J.; Schirmer,&nbsp;K.' (45 chars) title => protected'Contribution of hepatic cytochrome CYP1A and metallothionein mRNA abundance
         to biomonitoring - a case study with European flounder <I>(Platichthys flesu
         s)</I> from the Gulf of Gdańsk
' (183 chars) journal => protected'Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology' (75 chars) year => protected2016 (integer) volume => protected188 (integer) issue => protected'' (0 chars) startpage => protected'24' (2 chars) otherpage => protected'29' (2 chars) categories => protected'Baltic Sea; pollution; biochemical markers; fish; gene expression' (65 chars) description => protected'The aim of the research was to explore the contribution of hepatic cytochrom
         e CYP1A and metallothionein (MT) mRNA expression to biological effect monito
         ring. The study was conducted in the European flounder (<I>Platichthys flesu
         s</I>) from the Gulf of Gdańsk. mRNA abundance was measured using reverse t
         ranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in liver RNA of fish sampled
          from three coastal stations and from one offshore station in the inner Gulf
         . The contribution of the mRNA-based biomarkers to the assessment of the env
         ironment was determined in conjunction with a selection of commonly applied
         biochemical markers: 7-ethoxyresorufin-<I>O</I>-deethylase (EROD), glutathio
         ne-<I>S</I>-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), metallothioneins (MT), fluore
         scent aromatic compounds (FACs), all measured in the same individual fish. T
         he mRNA biomarkers contributed to the separation between the sampling sites,
          but no correlations between CYP1A mRNA and EROD nor between MT mRNA and MT
         proteins were found, which should be attributed to the different levels thes
         e biomarkers correspond to and to the differences in factors that may affect
          them. One case of strong correlation between CYP1A mRNA and FACs was encoun
         tered. The overall results of this study suggest that biomarkers measured at
          the mRNA abundance level constitute a valuable addition to biomonitoring st
         udies by providing additional information and contributing to the differenti
         ation of results.
' (1461 chars) serialnumber => protected'1532-0456' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.001' (26 chars) uid => protected10626 (integer) _localizedUid => protected10626 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected10626 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
5 => Snowflake\Publications\Domain\Model\Publicationprototypepersistent entity (uid=7861, pid=124) originalId => protected7861 (integer) authors => protected'Groh,&nbsp;K.&nbsp;J.; Suter,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;-F.' (54 chars) title => protected'Stressor-induced proteome alterations in zebrafish: a meta-analysis of respo
         nse patterns
' (88 chars) journal => protected'Aquatic Toxicology' (18 chars) year => protected2015 (integer) volume => protected159 (integer) issue => protected'' (0 chars) startpage => protected'1' (1 chars) otherpage => protected'12' (2 chars) categories => protected'ecotoxicology; mechanism of toxicity; Danio rerio; gel-based proteomics; gel
         -free proteomics; proteome coverage
' (111 chars) description => protected'Proteomics approaches are being increasingly applied in ecotoxicology on the
          premise that the identification of specific protein expression changes in r
         esponse to a particular chemical would allow elucidation of the underlying m
         olecular pathways leading to an adverse effect. This in turn is expected to
         promote the development of focused testing strategies for specific groups of
          toxicants. Although both gel-based and gel-free global characterization tec
         hniques provide limited proteome coverage, the conclusions regarding the cel
         lular processes affected are still being drawn based on the few changes dete
         cted. To investigate how specific the detected responses are, we analyzed a
         set of studies that characterized proteome alterations induced by various ph
         ysiological, chemical and biological stressors in zebrafish, a popular model
          organism. Our analysis highlights several proteins and protein groups, incl
         uding heat shock and oxidative stress defense proteins, energy metabolism en
         zymes and cytoskeletal proteins, to be most frequently identified as respond
         ing to diverse stressors. In contrast, other potentially more specifically r
         esponding protein groups are detected much less frequently. Thus, zebrafish
         proteome responses to stress reported by different studies appear to depend
         mostly on the level of stress rather than on the specific stressor itself. T
         his suggests that the most broadly used current proteomics technologies do n
         ot provide sufficient proteome coverage to allow in-depth investigation of s
         pecific mechanisms of toxicant action. We suggest that the results of any di
         fferential proteomics experiment performed with zebrafish should be interpre
         ted keeping in mind the list of the most frequent responders that we have id
         entified. Similar reservations should apply to any other species where prote
         ome responses are analyzed by global proteomics methods. Careful considerati
         on of the reliability and significance of observed changes is necessary in o
         rder not to over-interpr...
' (2600 chars) serialnumber => protected'0166-445X' (9 chars) doi => protected'10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.013' (29 chars) uid => protected7861 (integer) _localizedUid => protected7861 (integer)modified _languageUid => protectedNULL _versionedUid => protected7861 (integer)modified pid => protected124 (integer)
Sonavane, M.; Schollée, J. E.; Hidasi, A. O.; Creusot, N.; Brion, F.; Suter, M. J. -F.; Hollender, J.; Aït-Aïssa, S. (2018) An integrative approach combining passive sampling, bioassays and effect-directed analysis to assess the impact of wastewater effluent, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37(8), 2079-2088, doi:10.1002/etc.4155, Institutional Repository
Fischer, S.; Fischer, M.; Schirmer, K.; Werner, I. (2017) Wirkungsorientierte Gewässerüberwachung: Biomonitoring mit Forellen. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Umwelt (BAFU). Abschlussbericht 2017, Institutional Repository
Schulze, T.; Ahel, M.; Ahlheim, J.; Aït-Aïssa, S.; Brion, F.; Di Paolo, C.; Froment, J.; Hidasi, A. O.; Hollender, J.; Hollert, H.; Hu, M.; Kloß, A.; Koprivica, S.; Krauss, M.; Muz, M.; Oswald, P.; Petre, M.; Schollée, J. E.; Seiler, T.-B.; Shao, Y.; Slobodnik, J.; Sonavane, M.; Suter, M. J. -F.; Tollefsen, K. E.; Tousova, Z.; Walz, K.-H.; Brack, W. (2017) Assessment of a novel device for onsite integrative large-volume solid phase extraction of water samples to enable a comprehensive chemical and effect-based analysis, Science of the Total Environment, 581, 350-358, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.140, Institutional Repository
Stamm, C.; Burdon, F.; Fischer, S.; Kienle, C.; Munz, N.; Tlili, A.; Altermatt, F.; Behra, R.; Bürgmann, H.; Joss, A.; Räsänen, K.; Eggen, R. (2017) Einfluss von Mikroverunreinigungen, Aqua & Gas, 97(6), 90-95, Institutional Repository
Kopecka-Pilarczyk, J.; Schirmer, K. (2016) Contribution of hepatic cytochrome CYP1A and metallothionein mRNA abundance to biomonitoring - a case study with European flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, 188, 24-29, doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.001, Institutional Repository
Groh, K. J.; Suter, M. J. -F. (2015) Stressor-induced proteome alterations in zebrafish: a meta-analysis of response patterns, Aquatic Toxicology, 159, 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.013, Institutional Repository