Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development

Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning

Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies
This second, revised edition of the Compendium presents a huge range of information on sanitation systems and technologies in one volume. By ordering and structuring tried and tested technologies into once concise document, the reader is provided with a useful planning tool for making more informed decisions.

Community-Led Urban Environmental Sanitation Planning (CLUES)
A set of planning guidelines based on a multi-sector and multi-actor approach accounting for water supply, sanitation, solid waste management and storm drainage in urban areas, and emphasizing the participation of all stakeholders from an early stage in the planning process.

> CLUES version française

› CLUES spanish version

› CLUES arabic version

Urban sanitation general

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      title => protected'Governance arrangements for the scaling up of small-scale wastewater treatme
         nt and reuse systems - lessons from India' (117 chars)
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      startpage => protected'72 (16 pp.)' (11 chars)
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      categories => protected'decentralized wastewater management; sanitation governance; polycentric gove
         rnance; small-scale sanitation; sustainable urban water management; transiti
         on management; sustainability transition; water reuse' (205 chars)
      description => protected'Environmental pollution and increasing water scarcity are key features of th
         e urban landscape of India today. The extension of centralized sewerage netw
         orks cannot keep up with city growth, and alternative sanitation systems are
          needed for citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS). The government of India ma
         ndated larger buildings to be equipped with small-scale wastewater treatment
          plants (SSTP). This resulted in the emergence of a large number of technolo
         gy and service providers, and in the implementation of thousands of private 
         SSTPs. However, this quick scaling up was not accompanied by the development
          of appropriate governance arrangements. As a result, a significant proporti
         on of SSTPs underperform and do not meet the effluent standards. Through a s
         ystematic analysis of governance arrangements around SSTPs, this contributio
         n analyses the scaling up process of small-scale wastewater management and r
         euse at building level in India, in particular in the state of Karnataka and
          the city of Bengaluru. This paper identifies the gaps in this multi-level, 
         polycentric governance framework and investigates which arrangements are nee
         ded to enable the performance of SSTPs on the ground and to create the neces
         sary synergies between the relevant governmental agencies, the private secto
         r and civil society. The scaling up of SSTPs in India mainly followed a mark
         et governance approach within a governance environment that is traditionally
          very hierarchical. The authors argue that hybrid governance arrangements, b
         lending hierarchical, market and network governance are needed to foster mar
         ket regulation and stakeholder coordination, and increase the performance of
          the sector. They conclude that an efficient governance of SSS requires the 
         creation of dedicated SSS units at state and city level, and the development
          of an online platform collating all databases, streamlining and supporting 
         processes from establishment to monitoring, and allowing meaningful collabor
         ation between stakeholde...' (2451 chars)
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Governance arrangements for the scaling up of small-scale wastewater treatment and reuse systems - lessons from India

Environmental pollution and increasing water scarcity are key features of the urban landscape of India today. The extension of centralized sewerage networks cannot keep up with city growth, and alternative sanitation systems are needed for citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS). The government of India mandated larger buildings to be equipped with small-scale wastewater treatment plants (SSTP). This resulted in the emergence of a large number of technology and service providers, and in the implementation of thousands of private SSTPs. However, this quick scaling up was not accompanied by the development of appropriate governance arrangements. As a result, a significant proportion of SSTPs underperform and do not meet the effluent standards. Through a systematic analysis of governance arrangements around SSTPs, this contribution analyses the scaling up process of small-scale wastewater management and reuse at building level in India, in particular in the state of Karnataka and the city of Bengaluru. This paper identifies the gaps in this multi-level, polycentric governance framework and investigates which arrangements are needed to enable the performance of SSTPs on the ground and to create the necessary synergies between the relevant governmental agencies, the private sector and civil society. The scaling up of SSTPs in India mainly followed a market governance approach within a governance environment that is traditionally very hierarchical. The authors argue that hybrid governance arrangements, blending hierarchical, market and network governance are needed to foster market regulation and stakeholder coordination, and increase the performance of the sector. They conclude that an efficient governance of SSS requires the creation of dedicated SSS units at state and city level, and the development of an online platform collating all databases, streamlining and supporting processes from establishment to monitoring, and allowing meaningful collaboration between stakeholders. Through the case study of India, this paper contributes to understand the governance arrangements necessary for the successful scaling up of decentralized sanitation systems, and how to fulfill the potential of alternative solutions for sustainable urban water management. It contributes to governance studies by substantiating the concept of hybrid governance approach and proposing concrete measures to make it work for such distributed systems.
Reymond, P.; Chandragiri, R.; Ulrich, L. (2020) Governance arrangements for the scaling up of small-scale wastewater treatment and reuse systems - lessons from India, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8, 72 (16 pp.), doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.00072, Institutional Repository

Sanitation Technology

Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES)

N.B. The HCES have been revised, and are now called CLUES. This section contains publications on HCES, more recent publications on this topic can be found in CLUES.

Emergency Sanitation